以海岱地区为研究区域，广泛收集区域内先秦时期的人居聚落遗址点并建立数据库，结合SRTM DEM数据，利用ArcGIS 10.7软件对先秦时期（600~2.1 ka BP）9448处人居聚落遗址的高程、坡度、坡向、河流水系等地理因素进行分析，探索该区域内遗址点时空分布与地理环境的关系。结果表明：1）先秦时期海岱地区的人居聚落发展经历了一个高程上由高到低、地形上由山地至平地、空间分布上由少到多短期回落后再次增长的历史过程。2）各时期遗址点空间分布特征基本一致，主要分布于海拔0~150 m的高程区间，以0~50 m区间最为集中，并且均倾向于2°~15°的起伏坡度，以15°以内的平地至斜坡最为集中，且遗址点集中分布于平地（-1°）和东南至西南（112.5°~247.5°）的坡向区间。3）先秦时期海岱地区日常人居活动半径约为3~4 km，人居聚落选址与河流紧密相连。综合来看，地理环境对各时期遗址点的分布变化影响密切，也反映出先秦时期海岱先民对地理环境的空间认知与利用已具有较高水平。

Taking Haidai region as the study area， this paper analyzes the elevation， slope， slope direction， river system， and other geographical factors of 9 448 residential settlement sites in Pre-Qin Period （600-2.1 ka BP）， and explores the relationship between the spatial-temporal distribution of the sites and geographical environment， by collecting the residential settlement sites of Pre-Qin Period extensively and establishing a database of the region， combining with SRTM DEM data， and using ArcGIS 10.7. Results show that： 1） The development of human settlements in the Haidai Region during the Pre-Qin Period went through a historical process of elevation from high to low， terrain from mountainous to flat， spatial distribution from small to large， then decreasing and continuing to increase. 2） The spatial distribution characteristics of archaeological sites in different periods are basically consistent. Archaeological sites mainly distributed in the elevation range of 0-150 m above sea level， with the range of 0-50 m being the most concentrated and inclined towards undulating slopes of 2°-15°. The range from flat land to slopes within 15° is the most concentrated， and archaeological sites are concentrated in the slope direction range of flat land （-1°） and southeast to southwest （112.5°-247.5°）. 3）The daily human activity radius of Haidai Region in Pre-Qin Period is about 3-4 km， and the residential settlement sites are closely connected with the river. Overall， the geographical environment has a close influence on the distribution and changes of site locations across different periods， also reflecting that the spatial cognition and utilization of the geographical environment by the predecessors in the Haidai Region during the Pre-Qin Period were already at a relatively high level.