秦朝是中国历史上第一个统一的中央集权国家。为解答秦人如何在东迁关中后发展壮大的关键问题,需要对秦人的生业经济模式开展深入分析。陶器是古人烹饪、盛放和贮藏食物的主要载体,陶器的脂质分析为研究这一问题提供了新途径。本文对西安马腾空遗址出土45件陶片进行脂质提取并分析。结果表明,相关陶器可能主要用于加工以C3植物为食的非反刍动物的肉类,结合已有研究结果本研究推测该地区先民的肉食资源很可能取自野生动物。除此之外,包括黍在内的植物性资源也是马腾空地区先民饮食中重要组成部分。结合历史文献推测,在周朝严格等级制度下,平民很难有机会消费例如猪、牛、羊等大型牲畜,而狩猎所得的野生动物则为其提供了一定程度的肉食来源,同时关中地区优越的自然环境和丰富的自然资源是其基础。
The Qin Dynasty was the first united centralized kingdom in Chinese history. To answer how the Qin people became prosperous after their migration to the Guanzhong area, a detailed investigation of their subsistence strategy is necessary. Pottery was the major container for ancestor to cook, serve and preserve food. The lipids analysis of pottery sherds represents a novel approach to investigating this issue. In this study, lipid extraction and analysis were performed on 45 potsherds from the Matengkong site. The results show that the pottery was used for the processing of non-ruminant animals which fed on C3 plants and probably were wild animals. In addition, plant resources, including broomcorn millet, were also important in ancestors’ diets. According to the historical documents, under the strict hierarchy of Zhou Dynasty, commoners were prohibited from consuming large livestock such as pigs, cattle, and sheep. Instead, wild animals obtained from hunting constituted a certain source of meat for commoners. The superior natural environment and abundant natural resources of the Guanzhong area provided the foundation for this practice.
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