贝叶经的制作材料主要来自贝叶棕和糖棕2种棕榈科植物叶片。采用微损、快速的方法判断植物来源，有利于深入认知贝叶经的利用，为文物保护工作提供参考。通过模拟实验制得一批标准样品，寻找区分2种棕榈的标准，并在已知植物来源的贝叶经工艺品上进行验证。使用热裂解气相色谱质谱联用分析技术，结合多元统计分析方法区分贝叶棕和糖棕。结果发现：已知样品存在多种三萜类物质，其中环桉烯醇衍生物仅在贝叶棕中出现，2种羽扇豆烷型三萜和环鸦片甾烯醇及何帕烷型三萜仅于糖棕中出现；羽扇豆烷型三萜化合物和何帕烷型三萜在糖棕中稳定存在。对10种共有的木质素单体相对含量进行主成分分析，结果显示贝叶棕组和糖棕组具有良好的区分效果。结合特征化合物和主成分分析方法成功鉴别出多种类型的现代贝叶经工艺品植物来源，为贝叶经文物植物种属的快速、微量鉴别提供新思路。
陈清乐
,
杨益民
,
韩宾
,
蒋洪恩
. 基于热裂解气相色谱质谱联用技术的贝叶经植物种属鉴别[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2025
, 42(6)
: 843
-852
.
DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2024.078
The materials for making palm-leaf manuscripts mainly come from the leaves of two palms, Corypha umbraculifera and Borassus flabellifer. Applying a micro-destructive and rapid method to determine the plant species origin is conducive to in-depth cognition of the utilization of the palm-leaf manuscripts and provides a reference for their future conservation. In this study, a batch of standard samples was produced through simulation experiments to search for the criteria to distinguish the two palm species and validate them on the artifacts of the palm-leaf manuscripts of known plant species. Pyrolysis gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was utilized in combination with multivariate statistical analysis to differentiate the C. umbraculifera and B. flabellifer. The results revealed the presence of several triterpenoids in the samples, among which cycloeucalenol derivatives were found only in C. umbraculifera; two lupane-type triterpenoids and one cyclolaudenol and hopane-type triterpenoids were found only in B. flabellifer. The lupane-type triterpene and hopane-type compounds are stable in B. flabellifer. The relative contents of 10 lignin monomers were selected for principal component analysis (PCA), and the results showed a good differentiation between the C. umbraculifera group and the B. flabellifer group. The combination of the characteristic compounds and the PCA method successfully identified different types of plant sources of modern palm-leaf manuscripts, which provides a new idea for the rapid and trace identification study of the species and genera of ancient palm leaf manuscripts.
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