傍山公路常常面临高陡边坡崩塌落石的威胁,但是险峻的地形地貌环境导致危岩体结构面信息难以获取及危岩体识别精度低,进而严重影响危岩体危险性评价的可靠性和防治的有效性。为此,本文以甘肃省迭部县黑多村盘山公路高陡边坡危岩体为研究对象,采用无人机摄影测量技术获取边坡三维点云数据,并利用KNN算法及最小二乘法自动识别及获取边坡结构面产状信息,人工目视解译识别潜在危岩体并定性分析其稳定性,最后利用RocPro3D软件模拟分析不稳定危岩体失稳后的运动学特征。结果表明,（1）上硬下软的坡体结构及高陡地形是黑多盘山公路高陡边坡发育崩塌落石的基本地质条件;（2）自动识别出包含层理面在内的6组主要结构面,解译出6处危岩体,其中5处为不稳定危岩体;（3）5处危岩体失稳后崩塌落石均会滚落至公路,其中WYT4危岩体对公路影响范围最广,优势路径下其块石运动距离最远可达619m,落石波及范围最广,故危险性也最大;（4）利用前期崩塌落石空间分布数据可以有效且可靠的反演潜在危岩体运动学参数。本研究结果可为该高陡边坡危岩落石防治设计提供基础理论指导,研究方法可为类似高陡边坡危岩体结构面识别和崩塌落石危险性评价提供有益参考。
Mountainous highways are often threatened by rockfalls detached from high and steep slopes, while the steep terrain makes it difficult to obtain the information of discontinuities and to precisely identify the unstable rock mass. The reliability of risk assessment of the unstable rock mass and the effectiveness of its prevention and control are thus seriously affected. Therefore, taking the unstable rock mass on Heiduo high-steep highway slope, Diebu county, Gansu province as the research object, the paper utilized UAV photogrammetry technology to obtain the 3D point cloud data of the slope, and used the KNN algorithm and Least Squares method to automatically identify and obtain the occurrence information of the slope discontinuities, manually interpreted and identified the potential unstable rock masses and qualitatively analyzed their stability, and finally applied the RocPro3D software to simulate and analyze the kinematic characteristics of the unstable rock masses after failure. The results show that: (1) The slope structure and high-steep terrain are the basic geological conditions for the development of rockfalls on the Heiduo highway slope. (2) Six groups of predominant discontinuities including bedding were automatically identified, and 6 dangerous rock masses were interpreted, of which 5 were determined unstably; (3) The rockfalls sourced from the 5 unstable rock masses could move onto the highway, among which the WYT4 has the widest impact scope, and the movement distance of the blocks under the predominant path could reach as far as 619m, which inferred it is a most dangerous one. (4) The spatial distribution data of blocks of previous rockfalls can be used to effectively and reliably invert the kinematic parameters of potentially dangerous blocks. The results can provide basic theoretical guidance for the design of rockfall prevention and control of dangerous blocks on the high-steep slope, and the research method can provide a useful reference for the discontinuities' identification of the unstable rock mass and for the risk assessment of rockfall on similar high-steep slopes.
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