河流栖息地评价是水生态健康评估的重要内容,通过栖息地评估可为河流生态修复和健康管理提供基础信息和依据。本研究以巢湖流域为研究区,通过构建巢湖流域栖息地质量评价体系,分别在2023年5月、7月和2024年1月评价了9个修复单元的栖息地质量并提出治理措施。结果表明：1）在3次调查中,栖息地质量处于较好或好等级的点位占38%~53%,处于一般等级的点位占42%~55% ,处于较差或差等级的点位占2%~7%;2）调查结果表明,大别山带栖息地环境最好,其次是兆河区、柘皋河区,十五里河区栖息地环境相对较差。较5月调查结果,除柘皋河区,各个修复单元在7月份评价分数均有所提升,大部分修复单元均在1月份呈现最好的栖息地环境水平;3）部分评价指标与水质指标存在显著相关关系,表明河流水质对栖息地质量存在一定的影响,同时栖息地环境也是影响底栖生物生存与分布的重要因素,人类生产活动也对栖息地质量产生了不同程度的影响;4）十五里河区栖息地环境水平较差,应提高生活污水收集处理率,从而减少城市点源和面源污染。大别山带栖息地环境较好,可进一步加强岸坡生态支护,提高河岸稳定性。
River habitat assessment is an important part of water ecological health assessment. Through habitat assessment basic information and basis can be provided for river ecological restoration and management. This study took the Chaohu River Basin as the research area. By constructing a habitat quality evaluation system for the Chaohu River Basin, the habitat quality of 9 restoration units was evaluated in May 2023, July 2023, and January 2024, and governance measures were proposed. The results showed: 1) In the three surveys, the points with habitat quality at a good or better level accounted for 38% to 53%, the points at a general level accounted for 42% to 55%, and the points at a poor or worse level accounted for 2% to 7%; 2) The survey results indicated that the habitat environment in the Dabie Mountain area was the best, followed by the Zhaohao River area and the Zhegaodong River area. The habitat environment in the Shifili River area was relatively poor. Compared with the results of the May survey, except for the Zhaohao River area, the evaluation scores of each restoration unit in July were all improved, and most restoration units showed the best habitat environment level in January; 3) Some evaluation indicators have a significant correlation with water quality indicators, indicating that there is a certain impact on river water quality. At the same time, the habitat environment is also an important factor affecting the survival and distribution of benthic organisms, and human production activities have also had varying degrees of impact on habitat quality; 4) The habitat environment level in the Shifili River area was poor. The collection and treatment rate of domestic sewage should be improved to reduce urban point source and non-point source pollution. The habitat environment in the Dabie Mountain area was good, and further strengthening of shore slope ecological support and improving the stability of the river bank could be carried out.
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