针对北京建国后尤其是最近20多年中住宅快速发展的状况，本文将住宅的环境影响考察从直接、本地的环境影响扩展到建筑材料的生产阶段，从生命周期角度阐述了北京住宅快速发展给整个生态环境所带来的影响，以及这种影响的大小、类型和来源等。通过分析表明，环境影响的增长速度要高于住宅建筑面积的增长，这主要是由于住宅不同建筑结构所占比例不同造成的。通过对六种建筑材料的分析，得到钢材的环境影响远远大于其它几种建筑材料。

After 1949, especially in recent 20 years, the number of Beijing’s residential building has increased rapidly. Such fast development also poses a great impact on the eco-environment. Generally, the methods of assessing the impact of buildings focus on the direct or local impact during the construction or using period. This article assesses the indirect impact of the building materials in a city’s scale using the Life Cycle Assessment method. According to the analysis result, we find that the increase rate of residential building’s impact is higher than that of building area. After the discussion, we owing this difference to the building structures and building materials.