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中国科学院大学学报 ›› 2002, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (1): 75-81.DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2002.1.010

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采暖期前和采暖期北京大气颗粒物的化学成分研究

张仁健, 王明星, 胡非, 徐永福   

  1. 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层和大气化学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029
  • 收稿日期:2001-09-24 修回日期:2001-11-07 发布日期:2002-01-10
  • 作者简介:张仁健,男,1967年7月生,博士,副研究员
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(G1999043400);中国科学院KZCX2204项目;中国科学院引进国外杰出人才"计划项目支持

Elemental Concentrations and Distributions of Atmospheric Particles before and in Heating Period in Beijing

ZHANG RenJian, WANG MingXing, HU Fei, XU YongFu   

  1. LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
  • Received:2001-09-24 Revised:2001-11-07 Published:2002-01-10

摘要:

1999年2月、3月、11月和12月, 在北京北三环外的325m气象塔院内进行了大气颗粒物采样, 获得24组192个分级样品.样品用质子激发X荧光(PIXE)方法进行了分析, 得到大气颗粒物化学元素浓度及其谱分布.研究结果表明, 北京大气颗粒物的化学组成和来源正在发生变化.由于采暖期间煤炭使用量的大量减少, 大气中S, As, Se, K的浓度大幅度降低, S和K比采暖前低25%;由于北京冬季采暖大量使用重油替代煤炭作为取暖燃料, 大气中Cu的含量比采暖期前增加了1倍.此外, 由于无铅汽油的推广使用, 目前北京大气颗粒物中的Pb含量已大幅度降低.由于采取了一系列污染控制措施, 北京市大气颗粒物污染状况得到了明显改善

关键词: 大气颗粒物, PIXE, 元素成分, 采暖期

Abstract:

In February, March,November and December 1999, atmospheric particle samples were collected with cascade sampler at northern suburb of Beijing. The elemental concentrations and elemental distribution of particles were obtained by PIXE method. From the observation, the elemental concentrations, elemental distribution and their changes are analyzed. It shows that the concentrations of S, K, As, Se during heating period are lower than that before heating period because of decrease of coal combustion. The concentration of Cu doubles due to the using heavy oil instead of coal for heating in winter. Concentration of Pb in atmospheric particles has decreased dramatically due to using non leaded gasoline. It shows that the chemical composition and source of atmospheric particles are changing greatly. The pollution condition of atmospheric particles in Beijing has been improved obviously because of air pollution control by local government.

Key words: atmospheric particles, PIXE, elemental concentration, heating period

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