灌溉与生物炭施用对潮土区农田土壤磷淋溶的影响

doi:10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2021.06.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来海河流域农区土壤磷淋溶影响地下水质量，研发控制措施对改善水体环境具有重要意义。采集海河支流潮白河下游顺义地区潮土，通过2年土柱试验（长45 cm×宽40 cm×高80 cm）分析常规滴灌（CDI）和节水滴灌（80%常规灌水量，WSDI）条件下，施1.2%烟杆制生物炭（+B）和不施生物炭（-B）黄花菜种植期间磷淋溶的差异。结果表明，节水滴灌可降低磷淋溶，施用生物炭控制效果更好。在-B条件下，2年WSDI平均磷淋溶比CDI低60.4%；在+B条件下，2年WSDI平均磷淋溶比CDI低65.5%。WSDI能减少土壤水入渗，同时也降低土壤pH，提高土壤有效铁含量而增加磷吸附，减少土壤可淋溶磷含量，进而控制土壤磷淋溶。生物炭施用对土壤磷淋溶影响不显著，但年际差异明显。2017年相同灌溉条件下生物炭施用增加磷淋溶的风险，而2018年生物炭施用却有降低磷淋溶的趋势。灌溉和生物炭施用对黄花菜产量影响存在年际差异，2017年节水滴灌和生物炭施用均显著降低产量；但2018年其对产量影响并不显著且无交互作用，即随着生长年限延长，灌溉和生物炭不再是控制产量的关键因素。结合降低淋溶的效果，推荐节水灌溉结合生物炭施用作为本区农田土壤磷淋溶控制的措施。

关键词: 潮土, 土壤磷淋溶, 生物炭, 滴灌, 节水灌溉, 土柱

Abstract: The phosphorus (P) leaching from agricultural soils in Haihe River Basin has polluted groundwater in recent years. It is necessary to develop control measures to improve water quality. In this study, a 2-years soil column test (40 cm×45 cm×80 cm) was conducted to analyze the difference of leaching loss of P in soil between added biochar (+B) and without added biochar (-B) during daylily planting under conventional drip irrigation (CDI) and water-saving drip irrigation (80% of CDI, WSDI) conditions. Under the -B condition, the two-year average leaching loss of P under WSDI was 60.4% lower than that under CDI. Under the +B condition, the average leaching loss of P under WSDI was 65.5% less than that under CDI. Implying that WSDI can reduce leaching loss of P in soils, especially under the condition of biochar application. It could be due to the fact that WSDI was not only unfavorable to soil water infiltration, but also enhanced soil P adsorption by reducing soil pH and increasing soil available Fe, which reduced content of soil leachable P, and then control leaching loss of P in soils. Biochar application had no significant effect on soil P leaching, but there were inter-annual differences. In 2017, biochar application under the same irrigation conditions increased the risk of P leaching while showed a trend of decreasing P leaching in 2018. In 2017, WSDI and biochar application significantly reduced the yield. Irrigation, biochar aplication and their interaction had no significant influence on yield in 2018, which means they were not the key factors for the yield with prolonged planting time. Therefore, water-saving irrigation combined with biochar application is recommended as the control measure of soil P leaching in farmland in this area.

Key words: fluvo-aquic soil, leaching loss of phosphorus in soil, biochar, drip irrigation, water-saving irrigation, soil column

中图分类号:

孙笑蕾, 谢自建, 杨肖松, 胡正义. 灌溉与生物炭施用对潮土区农田土壤磷淋溶的影响[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2021, 38(6): 772-781.

SUN Xiaolei, XIE Zijian, YANG Xiaosong, HU Zhengyi. Effects of biochar application and water saving drip irrigation on phosphorus leaching in farmland fluvo-aquic soil[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2021, 38(6): 772-781.

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