大兴安岭中段破头山高岭土矿床：蚀变岩帽识别及其意义*

doi:10.7523/j.ucas.2024.065

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 大兴安岭地区火山岩-深成岩面积占75%,以发育与岩浆-热液活动相关的铜、钼、锡、铅锌、金银以及稀有金属矿产为特色。破头山高岭土矿所在的大兴安岭中段主要发育斑岩-浅成低温-隐爆角砾岩-矽卡岩复合成矿系统,但整体勘查程度较低。破头山高岭土矿地表剥露区及浅钻岩芯样品中识别出高岭石、地开石、明矾石、叶蜡石、微脉石英、玉髓石英、绢云母、绿泥石、叶蜡石、水铝石、硬石膏、重晶石、黄铁矿、闪锌矿、碲铅矿、深红银矿、辰砂、褐铁矿等矿物,尤以发育高岭石化、地开石化、明矾石化、黏土化、硅化（玉髓石英）等低温高级泥化蚀变为特征,属于斑岩-浅成低温热液系统顶部特征的“蚀变岩帽”。结合矿区内识别出的特征蚀变矿物、微量金属矿物以及四种不同的热液角砾岩,推测破头山蚀变岩帽的深部可能存在隐伏的含矿岩浆-热液系统。对大兴安岭区域来说,古生代至中生代大范围的岩浆活动以及湿润肥厚的森林覆盖层为“蚀变岩帽”的发育和保存提供了充分条件,建议未来的地质研究和勘查工作可更多关注“蚀变岩帽”,识别更多新的蚀变岩帽、查明矿物组合特征并研究其成因机制,为进一步开展区域隐伏含矿岩浆-热液系统的勘查工作提供理论支持。

关键词: 蚀变岩帽, 低温高级泥化, 斑岩-浅成低温热液系统, 大兴安岭中段

Abstract: The area of volcanic and plutonic rocks in the Greater Khingan Ranges accounts for 75%, characterized by the development of copper, molybdenum, tin, lead zinc, gold and silver, and rare metal minerals related to magmatic and hydrothermal activities. The middle section of the Greater Khingan Ranges, where the Potoushan Kaolin deposit is located, mainly develops a compound mineralization system consisting of porphyry type mineralization, epithermal type mineralization, cryptoexplosive breccia type mineralization, and skarn type mineralization, but its overall exploration level is relatively low. Samples from the mining pit and shallow drill cores of the Potoushan kaolin mine have been identified minerals such as kaolinite, dikaite, alunite, pyrophyllite, microveined quartz, chalcedony quartz, sericite, chlorite, pyrophyllite, boehmite, gypsum, barite, pyrite, sphalerite, tellurite, pyrargyrite, cinnabar, limonite, etc., with the characteristic of developing low-temperature advanced argillation such as kaolinization, dickitization, alunitization, clayification, and silicification (chalcedony quartz), belonging to the top "lithocap" of deep porphyry-epithermal system. Based on the identified typical altered minerals, trace metal minerals, and four types of hydrothermal breccia within the mining area, it is speculated that there may be a potential ore bearing magma-hydrothermal system in the deep of Potoushan lithocaps. For the Greater Khingan Ranges, the extensive magmatic activity from the Paleozoic to Mesozoic and the moist and thick forest cover provided sufficient conditions for the development and preservation of "lithocaps". It is suggested that future geological research and exploration work should pay more attention to "lithocap" for discovering more lithocaps, identifying their altered minerals, and researching their genetic mechanisms, to provide theoretical supports for further exploration of potential ore bearing magma-hydrothermal systems in the region.

Key words: lithocaps, low temperature advanced argillation, porphyry-epithermal system, the middle of the Greater Khingan Ranges

中图分类号:

P313

宋国学, 秦彰玮, 张岱岳, 郑方顺, 熊玉新. 大兴安岭中段破头山高岭土矿床：蚀变岩帽识别及其意义^*[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2024.065.

SONG Guoxue, QIN Zhangwei, ZHANG Daiyue, ZHENG Fangshun, XIONG Yuxin. The Potoushan kaolin deposit in the middle of the Greater Khingan Ranges: identification of lithocaps and its significance[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2024.065.

参考文献

[1] 吴宇杰. 中国高岭土矿床时空分布规律[D].合肥:合肥工业大学, 2021.
[2] 郑直, 吕达人, 冯墨林, 等. 中国高岭土矿床研究[C]//中国地质科学院文集(1981). 1983: 86.
[3] 陈开惠. 我国高岭土矿床成因的特征[J]. 中国科学(B辑化学生物学农学医学地学), 1984, 14(2): 166-174.
[4] Sillitoe R H.Exploration of porphyry copper lithocaps[J]. Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Publication Series, 1995, 9: 527-532.
[5] Sillitoe R H.Styles of high-sulphidation gold,silver and copper mineralisation in porphyry and epithermal environments[C]. In: Proceedings of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Bali, Indonesia: The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Melbourne,2000,1: 19-34.
[6] 范裕, 周涛发, 袁峰,等.庐枞盆地高硫化型浅成低温热液成矿系统:来自矾山明矾石矿床地质特征和硫同位素地球化学的证据[J]. 岩石学报,2010,26(12):3657-3666.
[7] 李旋旋, 张乐骏, 高昌生,等.安徽庐枞盆地酸性蚀变岩帽地质地球化学特征研究[J]. 岩石学报,2017,33(11):3545-3558.
[8] 李旋旋. 安徽庐枞盆地酸性蚀变岩帽形成机制及成矿指示研究[D]. 合肥:合肥工业大学,2020.
[9] 杨宗耀, 唐菊兴, 张乐骏,等.西藏斯弄多地区岩帽地质地球化学特征:林子宗群火山岩中成矿的指示[J]. 地球科学,2020, 45(3):789-803.
[10] 刘秋平. 浙东南后坑蚀变岩帽地质及矿物学特征研究[D]. 北京:中国地质大学(北京),2019.
[11] 陈静, 周涛发, 张乐骏, 等. 蚀变岩帽的特征、成因以及在华南的分布探讨[J].岩石学报, 2020, 36(11): 3380-3396. DOI: 10.18654/1000-0569/2020.11.08.
[12] Manalo P C, Imai A, Takahashi R, et al.Lithogeochemistry of hydrothermally-altered host rocks by multiple mineralizations in the Mankayan Mineral District, Philippines[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2020, 218 : 106612. DOI: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106612.
[13] 孙衍东, 谢桂青, 陈静. 福建南部大矾山蚀变岩帽的明矾石特征及其找矿指示[J].矿床地质, 2022, 41(3): 489-505. DOI: 10.16111/j.0258-7106.2022.03.003.
[14] Marchesini B, Tavani S, Mercuri M, et al.Structural control on the alteration and fluid flow in the lithocap of the Allumiere-Tolfa epithermal system[J]. Journal of Structural Geology, 2024, 179: 105035. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2023.105035.
[15] Hedenquist J W, Taran Y A.Modeling the formation of advanced argillic lithocaps: Volcanic vapor condensation above porphyry intrusions[J]. Economic Geology, 2013, 108(7): 1523-1540. DOI:10.2113/econgeo.108.7.1523.
[16] Cooke D R, Hollings P, Wilkinson J J, et al.Geochemistry of porphyry deposits[M]//Treatise on Geochemistry. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2014: 357-381. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.01116-5.
[17] Sillitoe R H.Exploration of porphyry copper lithocaps[C]. Pacrim Congress 1995 - Exploring the Rim, 1995:527-532.
[18] Cooke D R,White N C,Zhang L J, et al.Lithocaps-characteristics,origins and significance for porphyry and epithermal exploration[C]. In: Proceedings of the 14th SGA Biennial Meeting. Quebec City,Canada: Australian Research Council, 2017:291-294.
[19] Corbett G J, Leach T M.Southwest Pacific rim gold-copper systems: Structure, alteration and mineralization[J]. Special publications No. 6 ed. Society of Economic Geologist: 1998.
[20] Sillitoe R H.Porphyry copper systems[J]. Economic Geology, 2010, 105(1): 3-41. DOI: 10.2113/gsecongeo.105.1.3.
[21] 肖智慧,薛春泉,熊智平,等.国家森林资源与生态状况综合监测[M].中国林业出版社,2012.
[22] 内蒙古一一五地质矿产勘查开发有限责任公司. 内蒙古自治区扎赉特旗黄宝山矿区高岭土矿详查报告[R],2017,1-121.
[23] 宫永吉, 孙景贵, 刘阳.再论大兴安岭中东部六九山铜矿床成矿地质特征、成因与成矿地质背景[J]. 吉林地质,2020,39:1-10. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2427.2020.04.001.
[24] 梁培基. 黑龙江省龙江县六九山铜银矿矿床地质特征及找矿标志[D]. 石家庄:石家庄经济学院,2015.
[25] 黑龙江省矿业集团有限责任公司.黑龙江陆玖矿业有限公司六九山铜矿资源储量复核报告[R],2016,1-92.
[26] 黑龙江省地质局区测队. 扎赉特旗幅(L-51-Ⅸ)区域地质矿产报告[R],1972,1-88.
[27] 周涛发, 范裕, 袁峰,等.庐枞盆地侵入岩的时空格架及其对成矿的制约[J]. 岩石学报,2010,26(9):2694-2714.
[28] 刘秋平, 唐菊兴, 胡古月,等.浙东南后坑酸性蚀变岩帽地质及矿物学特征[J]. 地质学报,2020,94(2): 599-614. DOI: 10.19762/j.cnki.dizhixuebao.2020004.
[29] 佘宏全, 李红红, 李进文,等.内蒙古大兴安岭中北段铜铅锌金银多金属矿床成矿规律与找矿方向[J]. 地质学报,2009,83(10):1456-1472. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2009.10.010.
[30] 杨发亭. 大兴安岭中段二道河银多金属矿床地质特征及找矿预测[D]. 北京:中国地质大学,2016.
[31] 盛继福,李岩,范书义.大兴安岭中段铜多金属矿床矿物微量元素研究[J]. 矿床地质,1999, 18(2): 153-160. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-7106.1999.02.007.
[32] 邵济安, 牟保磊, 朱慧忠,等.大兴安岭中南段中生代成矿物质的深部来源与背景[J]. 岩石学报,2010,26(3):649-656.
[33] Ouyang H G, Mao J W, Zhou Z H, et al.Late Mesozoic metallogeny and intracontinental magmatism, southern Great Xing'an Range, northeastern China[J]. Gondwana Research, 2015, 27(3): 1153-1172. DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2014.08.010.
[34] 许成瀚. 大兴安岭地区内生金属矿床成矿作用研究[D]. 吉林:吉林大学,2022.
[35] Qin K Z, Cao M J, Hollings P, et al.The metallogenic system deep structure and formation process for the Northeastern China compound orogenic belt: Introduction[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2022, 146:104960. DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.104960.
[36] 杨永胜. 大兴安岭中北段与金铜钼矿有关岩浆岩成矿专属性及红彦地区成矿预测[D]. 武汉:中国地质大学,2017.
[37] 古阿雷, 孙景贵, 白令安,等.大兴安岭中段闹牛山浅成热液铜多金属矿床流体包裹体研究[J]. 矿物岩石,2018,38(3):28-39. DOI: 10.19719/j.cnki.1001-6872.2018.03.05.
[38] 孙景贵, 刘阳, 徐智恺,等.试论中国东北部陆缘晚中生代浅成热液大规模成矿与深部地质过程对成矿制约[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2023,53(3): 651-692. DOI: 10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20230034.
[39] Li X X, Zhou T F, Fan Y, et al.Geology and exploration indications of the lithocap in Qianpu area, Luzong Basin, Anhui[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2024, 164: 105811. DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2023.105811.
[40] Dilles J H, John D A.Porphyry and epithermal mineral deposits[M]//Encyclopedia of Geology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2021: 847-866. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-102908-4.00005-9.
[41] Arribas J A, Hedenquist J W, Itaya T, et al. Contemporaneous formation of adjacent porphyry and epithermal Cu-Au deposits over 300 ka in northern Luzon, Philippines[J]. Geology, 1995, 23:337-340. DOI: 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0337: cfoapa>2.3.co;2.
[42] Hedenquist J W, Arribas R, Gonzalez-Urien E, et al.Exploration for epithermal gold deposits[J]. Reviews in Economic Geology, 2000, 13:245~277.
[43] Chen J,Cooke D R,Piquer J,et al.Hydrothermal alteration,mineralization, and structural geology of the Zijinshan high-sulfidation Au-Cu deposit, Fujian Province, southeast China[J]. Economic Geology,2019, 114( 4) : 639-666. DOI: 10.5382/econgeo.4657.
[44] Williams-Jones A E, Heinrich C A. 100th anniversary special paper: vapor transport of metals and the formation of magmatic-hydrothermal ore Deposits[J]. Economic Geology, 2005, 100(7):1287-1312. DOI: 10.2113/gsecongeo.100.7.1287.
[45] 叶天竺. 勘查区找矿预测理论与方法:总论[M]. 北京:地质出版社,2014:1-703.
[46] Seedorff E, Dilles J H, Proffett J M, et al.Porphyry deposits: Characteristics and origin of hypogene features[M]//One Hundredth Anniversary Volume. Society of Economic Geologists, 2005. DOI: 10.5382/av100.10.
[47] Hemley J J, Montoya J W, Marinenko J W, et al.Equilibria in the systems Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O and some general implications for alteration/mineralization processes[J]. Economic Geology, 1980, 75(2): 210-228. DOI: 10.2113/gsecongeo.75.2.210.
[48] Wu F Y, Sun D Y, Ge W C, et al.Geochronology of the Phanerozoic granitoids in northeastern China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2011, 41(1): 1-30. DOI:10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.11.014.
[49] Liu Y J, Li W M, Feng Z Q, et al.A review of the Paleozoic tectonics in the eastern part of Central Asian Orogenic Belt[J]. Gondwana Research, 2017, 43: 123-148. DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2016.03.013.
[50] 许文良,孙晨阳,唐杰,等.兴蒙造山带的基底属性与构造演化过程[J]. 地球科学,2019,44(5): 1620-1646.
[51] 秦涛. 大兴安岭中段晚中生代火山岩地球化学与岩石成因研究[D].长春:吉林大学, 2022.
[52] 梁天意. 大兴安岭中段晚古生代—中生代岩浆岩特征及其地质意义[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2022.
[53] 胡新露. 大兴安岭北段—小兴安岭地区斑岩型铜、钼矿床成矿作用与岩浆活动[D].武汉:中国地质大学, 2015.
[54] 武广. 大兴安岭北部区域成矿背景与有色、贵金属矿床成矿作用[D]. 长春:吉林大学,2006.
[55] 杨俊声. 内蒙古二道河铅锌银多金属矿床成岩成矿作用[D]. 武汉:中国地质大学,2021.
[56] 徐庆生, 覃锋, 刘阳,等.岩帽:地质特征及找矿意义. 地质与勘探,2010,46(1):20-23.
[57] Chang Z S, Hedenquist J W, White N C, et al.Exploration tools for linked porphyry and epithermal deposits: example from the mankayan intrusion-centered Cu-Au district, Luzon, Philippines[J]. Economic Geology, 2011, 106(8): 1365-1398. DOI: 10.2113/econgeo.106.8.1365.
[58] 周济元,崔炳芳,陈世忠,等. 江西会昌红山隐爆角砾岩筒及其成因和动力学[J]. 成都理工学院学报,1998, 25(2): 261-268.
[59] 卿敏, 韩先菊.隐爆角砾岩型金矿研究述评[J]. 黄金地质,2002,8(2): 1-7.
[60] 章增凤. 隐爆角砾岩的特征及其形成机制[J]. 地质科技情报,1991,10(4):1-5.
[61] 唐菊兴. 含金热液隐爆角砾岩的特征及研究意义[J]. 成都理工学院学报,1995,22(3):59-64.
[62] 梁俊红, 巩恩普, 姚玉增,等.中酸性隐爆角砾岩型金属矿床稀土元素地球化学特征[J]. 地质找矿论丛, 2011,26(1):23-27,50.
[63] 蒋禺恒, 刘战庆, 崔丰智,等.隐爆角砾岩成岩成矿机制研究综述[J]. 矿产与地质,2019,33(6): 1009-1015, 1025. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5663.2019.06.010.
[64] Sillitoe R H.Ore-related breccias in volcano plutonic arcs[J]. Econ. Geol., 1985, 80(6): 1467-1514.
[65] 李诺, 赖勇, 鲁颖淮,等.河南祁雨沟金矿流体包裹体及矿床成因类型研究[J]. 中国地质,2008,35(6):1230-1239.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2008.06.019.
[66] 王胜权, 刘学武. 河北牛圈银矿隐爆角砾岩地质特征及控矿作用[J]. 地质找矿论丛,2009,24(2): 139-141. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn. 1001-1412. 2009. 02. 009.
[67] 贺根文, 刘翠辉, 李伟,等.赣南牛形坝银金多金属矿区隐爆角砾岩分带性及深部形态特征[J]. 地质与勘探,2015,51(6): 1059-1068. DOI: 10.13712/j.cnki.dzykt.2015.06.007.
[68] 李真真, 李光明, 孟昭君,等.大兴安岭岔路口巨型斑岩钼矿床角砾岩相的划分、特征及成因[J]. 矿床地质,2014,33(3): 607-624. DOI: 10.16111/j.0258-7106.2014.03.005.
[69] 郝金月. 西藏斯弄多银多金属矿床隐爆角砾岩特征及成因研究[D]. 2021. 成都:成都理工大学,2021.
[70] 张德全,佘宏全,李大新,等. 紫金山地区的斑岩-浅成热液成矿系统[J]. 地质学报,2003,253-261. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2003.02.014.
[71] 杨志明, 侯增谦, 宋玉财,等.西藏驱龙超大型斑岩铜矿床:地质、蚀变与成矿[J]. 矿床地质,2008,27(3):279-318. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-7106.2008.03.002.
[72] 李光明, 李金祥, 秦克章,等.西藏班公湖带多不杂超大型富金斑岩铜矿的高温高盐高氧化成矿流体:流体包裹体证据[J]. 岩石学报,2007,23(5):935-952. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0569.2007.05.008.

大兴安岭中段破头山高岭土矿床：蚀变岩帽识别及其意义^*

The Potoushan kaolin deposit in the middle of the Greater Khingan Ranges: identification of lithocaps and its significance

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 5

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

访问统计

联系我们

[1]	苗宇, 张怀, 石耀霖. 构造活动与地表作用耦合下的河流演化过程及动力学机制——以青海湖和倒淌河为例[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2024, 41(2): 212-221.
[2]	王丽冰, 王多君, 申珂玮. 含水矿物电导率研究进展[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2022, 39(4): 433-448.
[3]	闵令帅, 程惠红, 石耀霖. 区域岩浆热液成矿的数值模拟——以熊耳山前河地区金矿为例[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2020, 37(3): 324-335.
[4]	王多君, 易丽. 地球深部的水[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2009, 26(6): 721-730.
[5]	沈旭章, 周蕙兰. 接收函数近邻反演方法的改进和对海拉尔台下地壳速度结构的研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2005, 22(3): 322-328.