前处理方法对黄土-古土壤粒度测试结果的影响*

doi:10.7523/j.ucas.2026.040

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 不同前处理方法可能对黄土-古土壤粒度测试结果产生潜在影响。本文以洛川剖面中S₀-L₁的5个样品为研究对象,设计了4组对比实验,系统评估了H₂O₂添加方式及浓度、HCl用量及反应时间、固-液分离方法以及超声分散方式和超声时间的改变是否影响粒度测试结果。研究发现,对于0.2g黄土-古土壤样品,一次性加入足量浓度10%的H₂O₂比少量多次加入效果更优;适当增加HCl用量及反应时间可提高粒度测试数据准确性;采用离心法实行固液分离比静置沉降能更降低细粒组分的损失,离心5min即可达到良好效果;仪器在线超声分散5分钟为较优选择,古土壤超声时间过长可能发生凝聚导致测得的粒径值偏大。古土壤对前处理方式比黄土更为敏感。建议称取待测样品约0.2g,放入300ml烧杯中,采用一次性加入50ml浓度10%的H₂O₂溶液加热反应2h,增加浓度10%的HCl溶液用量至50ml并延长反应时间至2h,以4000r/min的转速离心5min进行固-液分离,重复离心2次,加入10ml浓度为10%的(NaPO₃)₆分散剂,再上激光粒度仪在线超声5min进行分散的前处理流程。本研究为提升粒度数据的可比性、减少古环境重建中的方法误差提供了实验依据。

关键词: 粒度分析, 前处理方法, 黄土-古土壤

Abstract: Different pretreatment methods may have a potential impact on the results of loess and palaeosol grain size analysis. Taking five samples from the S₀-L₁ section of the Luochuan profile as the subject of this study, four sets of comparative experiments were designed to systematically evaluate whether variations in the method and concentration of H₂O₂ addition, the amount of HCl used and reaction time, the solid-liquid separation method, and the ultrasonic dispersion method and duration affect the grain size analysis results. The study found that, for a 0.2 g loess-palaeosol sample, adding a sufficient amount of 10% H₂O₂ in a single step yielded better results than adding small amounts in multiple stages; appropriately increasing the amount of HCl and the reaction time can improve the accuracy of grain size analysis data; solid-liquid separation by centrifugation reduces the loss of fine-grain fractions more effectively than static sedimentation, with satisfactory results achieved after just 5 minutes of centrifugation; online ultrasonic dispersion for 5 minutes is the optimal choice, as excessive ultrasonication of palaeosols may cause agglomeration, leading to overestimated grain size values. Palaeosols are more sensitive to pretreatment methods than loess. It is recommended to weigh out approximately 0.2 g of the sample to be tested and place it in a 300 ml beaker. Add 50 ml of a 10 per cent H₂O₂ solution in a single batch and heat to react for 2 hours; increase the volume of the 10 per cent HCl solution to 50 ml and extend the reaction time to 2 hours; centrifuge at 4000 r/min for 5 minutes to separate the solid from the liquid; repeat the centrifugation twice, add 10 ml of a 10 per cent (NaPO₃)₆ dispersant, and then subject the sample to online ultrasonication for 5 minutes on a laser grain size analyser to complete the pre-treatment process. This study provides experimental evidence for improving the comparability of grain size data and reducing methodological errors in palaeoenvironmental reconstruction.

Key words: grain size analysis, pretreatment methods, loess-paleosols

中图分类号:

P593

周璐, 李玉梅, 张玉修, 吴金旭, 刘浩宇, 马元博, 王浩任. 前处理方法对黄土-古土壤粒度测试结果的影响^*[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2026.040.

ZHOU Lu, LI Yumei, ZHANG Yuxie, WU Jinxu, LIU Haoyu, Ma yuanbo, Wang haoren. The Effect of Pretreatment Methods on Grain Size Analysis Results of Loess and Paleosols[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2026.040.

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前处理方法对黄土-古土壤粒度测试结果的影响^*

The Effect of Pretreatment Methods on Grain Size Analysis Results of Loess and Paleosols

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