西北干旱区乌海市PM2.5的输送路径及潜在源解析

doi:10.7523/j.ucas.2020.0055

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 乌海市是中国西北干旱区主要的煤炭工业城市之一，其PM_2.5浓度变化特征、输送路径及潜在源尚不清楚。基于2016—2018年乌海市PM_2.5逐小时质量浓度数据，采用聚类分析法、潜在来源贡献函数（potential source contribution function，PSCF）和浓度权重轨迹分析法（concentration-weighted trajactory，CWT）等探讨乌海市PM_2.5的输送路径及潜在源。结果表明：2016—2018年乌海市PM_2.5质量浓度年均值呈下降趋势，冬季PM_2.5浓度最高，夏季最低。聚类分析表明西北方向路径是乌海市四季PM_2.5主要的输送路径，乌海市气流在春、秋、冬三季均来自于西北长距离输送，其PM_2.5平均质量浓度约97.96~151.33μg·m^-3，而在夏季短距离输送气流是主要的输送路径，其PM_2.5平均质量浓度约87.11~96.88μg·m^-3。PSCF与CWT分析表明冬季PM_2.5的潜在源区范围最大，主要源自库姆塔格沙漠、柴达木盆地、腾格里沙漠、巴丹吉林沙漠以及河西走廊等地区；春、秋两季PM_2.5的潜在源区主要位于库姆塔格沙漠及河西走廊地区；夏季的潜在源区范围最小，主要来自河西走廊局部地区。PM_2.5重污染期间，其主要路径来源于西北方向，潜在源区主要分布在青海北部与甘肃交界处、新疆东部零星地区以及乌海南部地区。这些结果说明乌海市PM_2.5污染的潜在源区主要集中在西北干旱荒漠区，因此，防风固沙和减缓土地荒漠化技术的实施可有效改善乌海市和西北干旱区的空气质量。

关键词: PM_2.5质量浓度, 聚类分析, 潜在来源贡献函数(PSCF), 浓度权重(CWT)

Abstract: Wuhai was one of the major coal industry cities in northwest arid area of China, the concentration variation characteristics, transport pathways, and the potential source regions of PM_2.5 were unclear. The transport pathways and the potential source regions of PM_2.5 in Wuhai were discussed by cluster analysis, potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) methods based on the hourly monitoring data of PM_2.5 mass concentration in Wuhai from 2016 to 2018. Results showed that the average annual concentration of PM_2.5 had a downward trend during 2016-2018, with the highest concentration in winter and the lowest in summer. Cluster analysis showed that the northwesterly pathways were the major transport pathway of PM_2.5 for all seasons. The long-distance transport airflow mostly occurred in spring, autumn, and winter, the concentration of PM_2.5 in four trajectories was about 97.96-151.33μg·m^-3, while the short-distance transport airflow was main pathway in summer, its concentration of PM_2.5 was about 87.11-96.88μg·m^-3. The PSCF and CWT analysis indicated that the potential source regions of PM_2.5 were the largest in winter, mainly occurred in Kumtag Desert, Qaidam Basin, Tengger Desert, Badain Jaran Desert, and Hexi Corridor Area. The main potential source regions in spring and autumn were located in Kumtag Desert, and Hexi Corridor Area. The potential source region was the smallest in summer, mainly came from Hexi Corridor Area. During the heavy pollution period, the main transport pathways of PM_2.5 came from northwest also, the potential source regions were mainly located in the border area of Qinghai and Gansu, parts of eastern Xinjiang and southern Wuhai. These results showed that the potential source regions of PM_2.5 in Wuhai were mainly located in the northwest arid desert area. Therefore, the implementation of wind prevention, sand fixation, and desertification control could effectively improve the air quality of Wuhai and the northwestern area of China.

Key words: PM_2.5 mass concentration, cluster analysis, PSCF, CWT

中图分类号:

余创, 陈伟, 张玉秀. 西北干旱区乌海市PM_2.5的输送路径及潜在源解析[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2022, 39(1): 43-54.

YU Chuang, CHEN Wei, ZHANG Yuxiu. Transport pathways and potential source regions of PM_2.5 in Wuhai City of northwest arid area[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2022, 39(1): 43-54.

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