秤锤树雌、雄配子体发育的研究

中国科学院大学学报

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秤锤树雌、雄配子体发育的研究

徐汉卿, 黄清渊

(南京农业大学)

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1989-07-10 发布日期:1989-07-10
通讯作者: 徐汉卿

Studies on the Development of Male and Female Gametophytes in Sinojakia xylocarpa

Xu Han-Qing, Huang Qing-Yuan

(NanJing AgrIcultural University)

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1989-07-10 Published:1989-07-10
Contact: Xu Han-Qing

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

秤锤树(Sinojakia rylocarpa Hu)为我国特产的稀有观赏树木。迄今，国内外对其胚

胎发育缺乏系统报道，本文报告这方面的研究结果。其花药为4个花粉囊组成，小孢子四

分体呈四面体形排列，小孢子母细胞减数分裂时，胞质分裂属于同时型。2胞花粉，具 3 孔沟，

有不规则穴状纹饰。花药壁的分化过程为双子叶植物型，在其成熟时，药室内壁和部分表皮细

胞的细胞壁上出现微弱的条状纤维加厚。腺质绒毡层。雌蕊为3心皮构成，开放型花柱，子房

内含多枚倒生胚珠。单珠被，薄珠心，未发现珠孔塞结构。大孢子四分体多呈线形，个别的为

T形。蓼型胚囊。受精前，2个极核相互靠拢，但未见融合。反足细胞较小，寿命似较长。成熟

胚囊中充满淀粉粒。从有关胚胎发生的资料分析，野茉莉科与柿树科、山榄科、山矾科关系密

切，这支持了将它们共同列入柿树目的植物分类系统的观点。

关键词: 秤锤树, 雌配子体, 雄配子体

Abstract:

Observed in this paper was the development of the microspore and megaspore,

male and female gametophytes in Sinojakia xylocarpa, which is endemic to China.

The anther comprises four microsporangia. Microspore wall forms simultaneously after

meiotic division in PMCs. The arrangment of microspore in a tetrad is tetrahedral. Bicel-

lular pollen grains appear at the shedding stage. ‘They are 3-colporate, with irregular min-

ute-faveolate exine sculpture. The anther wall development is of the dicotyledonous type, and

its endothecitum develops slight fibrous thickenings, which also form on some epidermal cells.

The tapetum is glandular.

The pistil with hollow style is composed of three carpels, and its ovary contains several

anatropous ovules. The ovule is unitegmic, tenuinucellar, but no obturator was observed. The

archesporial cell functions directly as the megaspore mother cell which forms a linear tetrad,

but T-shaped tetrad was found in a few ovules. A Polygonum type embryo sac forms from

the functional chalazal megaspore. In the mature embryo sac, the synergids are elongate with

a large vacuole at the chalazal end, but the distrihution of vacuoles in the egg cell appears

random.

Two polar nuclei remain in contact with each other for a spell before the fertilization

and the 3 antipodal cells may persist into early postfertilzation stages. Numerous starch gra-

ins occur in the embryo sac.

According to the present embryological studies on Sinojakia xylocarpa and the works on

embryogenesis by some early embryologist, authors consider that Styracaceae, Symplocaceae,

Sapotaceae and Ebenaceae are rather closely related, and we alsoconsider it reasonable to put

the 4 families mentioned above in Ebenales.

Key words: Sinojakia xylocarpa, Male gametophyte, Female gametophyte

徐汉卿, 黄清渊. 秤锤树雌、雄配子体发育的研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Xu Han-Qing, Huang Qing-Yuan. Studies on the Development of Male and Female Gametophytes in Sinojakia xylocarpa[J]. .

[1]	陈晓麟,李铭,尤瑞麟. 单穗升麻的柱头和雌配子体发育及胚胎发生[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2000, 38(4): 337-342.
[2]	潘开玉,温洁,罗毅波,周世良. 矮牡丹小孢子发生和雄配子体发育及其与该种濒危的关系[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1999, 37(3): 244-252.
[3]	刘林德,王仲礼,田国伟,申家恒. 刺五加大、小孢子发生和雌、雄配子体发育的观察[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1998, 36(4): 289-297.
[4]	郭延平, 潘开玉, 葛颂. 濒危植物裂叶沙参的大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1997, 35(4): 293-296.
[5]	王伏雄, 陈祖铿. 银杉的雄配子体[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1986, 24(6): 469-470.

秤锤树雌、雄配子体发育的研究

Studies on the Development of Male and Female Gametophytes in Sinojakia xylocarpa

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