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中国主要禾本科植物花的基本类型与系统分类

王世金, 李健华   

  1. (中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁)
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1989-07-10 发布日期:1989-07-10
  • 通讯作者: 王世金

The Basic Types of Flowers of Chinese Gramineae and Their Systematic Relevance

Wang Shi-Jin, Li Jian-Hua   

  1.  (Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Academia Sinica, Xining)
  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1989-07-10 Published:1989-07-10
  • Contact: Wang Shi-Jin

摘要:

本文研究、分析了禾本科33个族、174个属(632种)的花的性状;讨论了重要性状演化
  的趋势。根据花、尤其花中鳞被的比较形态,把禾本科植物的花概括为三大类型七个亚型:竹
  型(包括真竹亚型,稻亚型、芦竹亚型、针茅亚型)、早熟禾型(含早熟禾亚型)和黍型(包括画眉
  草亚型,真黍亚型)。其结果与花的基本类型相对应的大类群,以及与幼苗基本类型、颖果基本
  类型相对应的大类群是一致的,即竹亚科、稻亚科、芦竹亚科、针茅亚科、早熟禾亚科、画眉草亚
  科,黍亚科。

关键词: 禾本科, 花, 系统分类

Abstract:

The flowers of the representative species of 33 tribes and 174 genera were
investigated for the purpose of Gramineae systematics.  Discussed in this paper are ten impor-
tant flower characters, 6 of which are of the pistil, two of the androecium and two of the lodi-
cule.  The morphology of lodicules is of particularly great value in systematics, it consisting of
nine forms:  membranous-flattend, tongue-shaped, chaffy-peltate, hooded or helmet-shaped,
spade-like, longitudinally folded, cucullate, top-shaped and funnel-thaped.  Its numbers per flo-
wer may be: numerous, triple, dual, single and absent. On the basis of these ten characters,
three major types and seven subtypes of the flowers of Gramineae may be recognized:  Bam-
busoid (including True Bambusoid, Oryzoid, Arundinoid, Stipoid), pooid (with Subtype Po-
oid only) and Panicoid (including Eragrostoid, True Panicoid). As a result, The major groups
corresponding to the flower basic types agree wih those divided according to the basic types of
seedlings and caryopses. They are seven subfamilies:  Banbusoideae, Oryzoideae, Arandinoi
deae, Stipoideae, Pooideae, Eragrostoideae and Panicoideae.

Key words: Gramineae, Flower, Systematics