葱属根茎组8种植物的染色体数目和核型报道

中国科学院大学学报

葱属根茎组8种植物的染色体数目和核型报道

图力古尔, 赵毓棠, 许介眉

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1994-03-10 发布日期:1994-03-10
通讯作者: 图力古尔

A Chromosomal Study of Eight Species in Allium Sect. Rhiziridium G. Don in China

Tolgor, Zhao Yu-tang, Xu Jie-mei

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1994-03-10 Published:1994-03-10
Contact: Tolgor

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文对国产葱属根茎组的8种植物进行了染色体研究，发现染色体数目2n＝16或32，核型属2A

或2B型，对称性较高。其染色体数目和核型分别为：Allium leucocephalum 2n(2x)＝16＝12m+2sm

+2st(2SAT); A，strictum 2n(4x)＝32＝16m+4sm+12st；A.ramosum 2n(2x)＝16=14m+2st

(2SAT); A．bidentatum 2n(4x)=32＝24m+4sm+4T;A．tenuissimum 2n(2x)=16=10m+4sm+

2st(2SAT)，A．anisopodium 2n(2x)＝16＝12m+2sm+2st(2SAT)；A．anisopodium var．zimmermanni

anum 2n(4x)＝32＝24m+4sm+4st(4SAT); A．condensatum 2n(2x)＝16＝14m+2st(2SAT)。多

数种的染色体资料为国内首次报道。

关键词: 葱属, 根茎组, 核型, 中国

Abstract:

The present paper reports the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of eight

species of Sect. Rhiziridium in Allium (Liaceae). The materials were all collected from their

natural populations in east Inner Mongolia, China. The karyotype analysis is made on the

basis of Li et al. (1985).The results are as follows (for chromosomes parameters, voucher

specimens and localities, see Table 1 and Plate 1--2 the idiograms of the eight species in

Fig. 1):

(1) Auium leucocephalum Turcz. The somatic chromosome number and karyotype of

this species is 2n=16=12m=2sm+2st (2SAT), in Stebbinsl(1971) kayotype classifica-

tion, which belongs to 2A (Plate 1: 1; Fig. 1: 1). The range of chromosome relative length

varies between 8.90--15.55%. Two small satellites are attached to the short arms of the

8th pair of chromosomes. (2) A. strictum Schrader has 2n (4x) =32=16m+4sm+12st,

belonging to 2B (Plate 1: 2 & Fig. 1: 2). Satellites were not observed., and the range of chro-

mosome relative length is between 3. 67-11.00%. (3) A. ramosum L. 2n=16=14m+

2st (2SAT), belonging to 2A (Plate 1: 3 & Fig. 1: 3), Two small satellies are attached

to the short arms of the 8th pair of chromosomes. The range of chromosome relative length

is between 9.17-16.39%. The chromosome number and karyotype of this species are in ac-

cordancewith those reported by Li et al. (1982) with the material from Jinshan, Beijing.

(4) A. bidentatum Fisch. ex Prokh. 2n (4x) =32=24m+4sm+4T, belonging to 2B

(Plate 1: 4 & Fig. 1: 4). Satellites were not observed. A small median B-chromosome was

found in root-tip cells of the population growing in sandy soil, and it is the first discovery

(Plate 2: 9). The species has terminal chromosomes, which are seldom seen in Sect.

Rhiziridium. The range of chromosome relative length is between 3.32—9.06%. (5) A.

tenuissimu L. 2n=16= 10m+4sm+2st(2SAT), belonging to 2B(Plate 1:5 & Fig. 1:5).

Two large satellites are attached to the short arms of the 8th pair of chromosome. The range

of chromosome relative length is between 8.27--17.56%. (6)A. anisopodium Ledeb. 2n

= 16 = l2m +2sm + 2st (2SAT), belonging to 2A (Plate 2:7 & Fig. 1: 7). Two large satel-

lites are attached to the short arms of the 8th pair of chromosomes. In somatic cells of some

plants of this species, a small submedian B-chromosome was found (Plate 2: 10, 11). The

range of chromosome relative length is between 8.05-17.08 %. (7) A. anisopodium Ledeb.

var. zimmermannianum (Gilg) Wang et Tang 2n (4x)=32=24m+4sm+4st( 4SAT), be-

longing to 2A (Plate 1: 6 & Fig. 1: 6). Four large satellites are attached to the short arms

of the 15 and 16th pairs of chromosomes. The range of chromosome relative length is be-

tween 4.45--8.35%. This variety is similar to A. anisopodium Ledeb. in morphological char-

acters, and their karyotype formulas are also very similar. The present authors consider that

the variety is an allotetraploid derived from A. anisopodium Ledeb. (8) A. condensatum Tur-

cz. 2n=16=14m+2st (2SAT), belonging to 2B (Plate 2:8 & Fig. 1:8). Two. small

satellites are attached to the short arms of the 6th pair of chromosomes. In a few individuals

of this species median (M) B-chromosome was discovered, and the number is stable (Plate

2: 12). The range of chromosome relative length is between 7.64--17.07%.

In short, the chromosome numbers of the species studied in the present work are found

to be 2n=16 or 32, and the karyotypes belong to 2A or 2B, highly symmetrical. The kary-

otypes of Chinese materials of these species are mostly reported for the first time. Three

species have B-chromosomes.

Key words: Allium, Sect. Rhiziridium, Karyotype, China

图力古尔, 赵毓棠, 许介眉. 葱属根茎组8种植物的染色体数目和核型报道[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Tolgor, Zhao Yu-tang, Xu Jie-mei. A Chromosomal Study of Eight Species in Allium Sect. Rhiziridium G. Don in China[J]. .

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