从胚胎发育和解剖结构讨论红豆杉科的系统位置

中国科学院大学学报

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从胚胎发育和解剖结构讨论红豆杉科的系统位置

王伏雄, 陈祖铿, 胡玉熹

(中国科学院植物研究所)

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1979-08-18 发布日期:1979-08-18
通讯作者: 王伏雄

On the systematic position of Taxaceae from the embryological and anatomical studies

Wang Fu-Hsiung, Chen Zu-Keng, Hu Yu-Shi

(Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica)

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1979-08-18 Published:1979-08-18
Contact: Wang Fu-Hsiung

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

红豆杉科的原胚发育属标准型，除榧树属兼具裂生多胚外，其他各属均为简单多胚。多数

属的雌配子体经8或9次分裂后形成细胞。本科木材的交叉场纹孔多属柏木型，稀为杉木型；

无射线管胞，树脂道缺如。树皮中除澳洲红豆杉属尚未观察外，其余4属均具含晶韧皮纤维。

根据上述胚胎和解剖学特征，红豆杉科成立为一个自然群是不成问题的。但Florin只根

据“胚珠单个、顶生”而把它们提升到“目”一级的分类单位，与松柏目并列，从胚胎和解剖学资

料看，是不适当的。我们认为红豆杉科的系统位置，应该置于松柏目之下。

Abstract:

Florin has suggested that the Taxaceae should be separated from the Coniferales

to erect an order of its own. His basic argument is that the ovule of the taxads is

terminal while the ovules of the conifers are lateral. Florin's idea was accepted by

many taxonomists and some of them make an even higher taxon as Taxopsida. The

present paper deals with the systematic position of Taxaceae from the embryological

and anatomical studies in comparison with those of other members of the Coniferales.

The extant Taxaceae includes five genera, namely, Taxus, Pseudotaxus, Austro-

taxus, Amentotaxus and Torreya.

The mature pollen grains of Taxaceae contain two ceils (Torreya) or one cell only

(Taxus, Pseudotaxus and Austrotaxus). No prothailial cells are formed. Two sperms

are of unequal size. The number of free nuclei formed in the female gametophyte is

256(-512). The arehegonia vary from I to 25, with 2 to 8 as the usual range. The

proembryo of Torreya forms 4 or 8 free nuclei, while all other genera of the Taxaceae

usually contain 16(-32). Cleavage polyembryony is present in Torreya, but absent

in other genera. The proembryogeny belongs to the standard type of the Coniferales.

The bark of the Taxaceae possesses erystalliferous fibers. No crystals are formed

in parenehyma Rays are homogeneous and consist of ray parenchyma cells only.

Growth rings of the wood in Taxaceae are distinct. Axial tracheids with bordered

pits usually uniseriate, occasionally paired or biseriate, with spiral thickenings. Wood

parenchyma is present in Amentotaxus and Austrotaxus, but absent in Pseudotaxus,

Taxus and Torreya. Cross-field pits cupressoid. Resin canals and ray tracheids are

absent.

Considering Taxaceae as a natural taxon each of the main embryological and

anatomical characters is to be seen in other families of the Coniferales though the

combination is unique, making it a distinct family. Many differences between Taxa-

ceae and other families of the Coniferales fall within the range of the variation in the

conifers. However, Pinaceae is a rather specialized family among the Coniferales.

Thus, the difference between Taxaceae and Pinaceae is quite striking.

Florin agreed with Wilde (1944) that some species of Podoca rpus with single

ovule are derived from that with multiple ovulate cone and represent the last stage

of reduction of the cone. On the other hand, the taxads with their terminally borne

ovule are considered as primitive. It is obvious that Florin's explanation is hardly

convincing. Many authors such as Chamberlain (1935), Takhtajan (1953) and others

pointed out that single ovulate cone of the Taxaceae was very probably derived from

the one with multiple ovulate cone. Recently Keng (1969) considered that the

Taxaceae is closely related to Cephalotaxaceae on one hand and connected with the

Podocarpaeeae by way of Phyllocladus on the other hand. It is concluded that Florin's

suggestion is not supported by our investigations based upon the embryological and

anatomical features ef the Taxaceae by comparing them to those of other families of

the Coniferales. The systematic position of the Taxaceae should be placed under the

Coniferales.

王伏雄, 陈祖铿, 胡玉熹. 从胚胎发育和解剖结构讨论红豆杉科的系统位置[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Wang Fu-Hsiung, Chen Zu-Keng, Hu Yu-Shi. On the systematic position of Taxaceae from the embryological and anatomical studies[J]. .

从胚胎发育和解剖结构讨论红豆杉科的系统位置

On the systematic position of Taxaceae from the embryological and anatomical studies

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