菊科莴苣属订正及亚洲大陆菊科植物二新属(续）

中国科学院大学学报

菊科莴苣属订正及亚洲大陆菊科植物二新属(续）

石铸

(中国科学院植物研究所，北京)

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1988-12-18 发布日期:1988-12-18
通讯作者: 石铸

Revision of Lactuca L. and Two New Genera of Tribe Lactuceae (Compositae) on the Mainland of Asia (Cont.)

Shih Ghu

(Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Beijing)

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1988-12-18 Published:1988-12-18
Contact: Shih Ghu

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

Having mixed extremely various patterns of achenes for a long time in

the genus Lactuca L., especially showed in the classification of it on the mainland of Asia,

Lactuca L., the primary unnatural genus, becomes more nuclear in its limit. The present

paper makes a revision to attempt providing a clear cline between Lactuca L. and its relative

genera.

On my opinion, only plants, represented by Lactuca sativa L., which have ovoid capitu-

lum during its fruiting, numerous (7-25), yellow ligular florets and longitudinal 1-10 ribs

or striae on each side of achenes, acute into filiform beak at its apex, should be defined as

Lactuca L.

In view of the present concept of Lactuca L., another group of plants, embodied by

Lactuca indica L., having its broadening, thin winged-margin of, 1-3 striae on each side of

achenes, black, dorsi-ventral compressed, acute into thick and short beak at its apex, evident-

ly, should not be placed into Lactuca L., but be regarded as genus, i.e. Pterocypsela Shih,

gen. nov. Pterocypsela Shih distributes in Eastern and southern Asia, where Lactuca L. does

not occur. In China there is all of species, seven species, of Pterocypsela Shih. They are P.

raddeana (Maxim.) Shih, P. indica (L.) Shih, P. elata (Hemsl.) Shih P. lacciniata (Houtt.)

Shih, P. triangulata (Maxim.) Shih, P. sonchus (Lévl.) Shih and P. formosana (Maxim.)

Shih, But in Mediterranean regions and Middle and Western Asia mainly distributes Lactu-

ca L., in which there are only seven species from western China, Xijiang autonomic district.

They are L. dolichophylla Kitam., L. sativa L., L. altaica Fisch. et Mey., L. serriola Torner,

L. dissecta Don, L. auriculata DC. and L. undulata Ledb.

With the combination of violet-purple ligular florets non-ovoid capitulum during its

fruiting, a little thick achenes, acuminate into longer. or short beak at its apex and 4-6 ribs

on each side of it, Mulgedium tataricum (L.) DC. is evidently different from Lactuca sativa L.

with combination of ovoid capitulum during its fruiting, yellow ligular florets and compres-

sed achenes, acute into filiform beak at its apex. There seems to be no point in refusing Mu-

lgedium Cass. as a genus. Strictly speak, Mulgedium Cass. seems to be reminiscent of Para-

prenanthes Chang (see bellow) without beak at the apex of its achenes. In Hengduan moun-

tains and mountain range of Himalayas M. tataricum (L.) DC. discoveries its relative par-

tners. They are M. bracteatum (Mook. f. ex. C. B. Clarke) Shih, M. lessertianum (Wall. ex

C. B. Clarke) DC., M. monocephalum (Chang) Shih, M. umbrosum (Dunn) Shih, M. meridi-

onale Shih and M. polypodifolium (Franch.) Shih.

Having broadering and thickening margin and 4-7 striae on each side of achenes, grey,

dorsi-ventral compressed, truncate and beakless at its apex, Lactuca sibirica (L.) Benth. ex

Maxim. (Sonchus sibiricus L.) is not only different from Lactuca sativa L. with the combi-

nation of yellow ligular florets and filiform beak at apex of its achenes, but also from the

genus Mulgedium Cass. with beak at apex of its achenes. Therefore, Lagedium Sojak, establi-

shed by J. Sojak (1961), should be restored. It should be point out that Lagedium Sojak is

monotypic genus excluding Mulgedium tataricum (L.) DC. with beak at the apex of its ache-

nes, non-marginated. Lagedium Sojak widely distributes in temperate and frigid zone of

northern hemisphere. In our country, Lagedium sibiricum (L.) Sojak, sole species of the ge-

nus, restricts its northeast region.

Paraprenanthes Chang, the new genus, established by Ch. Ch. Chang (1950) based on La-

ctuca sororia Miq. and Lactuca yunnanensis Franch. seems to be a distinct genus. This ge-

nus is characterized by 4-6 ribs on each side of achenes, black, fusiform, a little thick and

beakless at its apex. Besides above-mentioned two species, assigned by Chang, in forest of tro-

pic and subtropic zones on the mainland of Asia there are many species with same structure

in achenes like L. sororia Miq. and L. yunnanensis Franch. The genus Paraprenanthes Chang

seems to be reminiscants of Mulgedium Cass. and Lagedium Sojak, but differs from the former

in its beakless achenes, from the later in its non-marginated achenes and 4-6 ribs on each

side of it. In our country, there are all species of the genus known in the tropic and sub-

tropic zones on the mainland of Asia. They are P. sororia (Miq.) Shih, P. yunnanensis (Fra-

nch.) Shih, P. longiloba Ling et Shih, sp. nov., P. heptontha Shih et D. J. Liou, sp. nov., P.

prenanthoides (Hemsl.) Shih, P. pilipes (Migo) Shih, P. thirionii (Lévl.) Shih, P. sylvicola

Shih., sp. nov., P. multiformis Shih, sp. nov., P. auriculiformis Shih, sp. nov. and P. sagitti-

formis Shih, sp. nov.

Key words: Lactuca, Taxonomical revision, Pterocypsela, Mulgedium, Lagedium, Paraprenanthes

石铸. 菊科莴苣属订正及亚洲大陆菊科植物二新属(续）[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Shih Ghu. Revision of Lactuca L. and Two New Genera of Tribe Lactuceae (Compositae) on the Mainland of Asia (Cont.)[J]. .