西藏蔷薇科植物的区系特点和地理分布

中国科学院大学学报

西藏蔷薇科植物的区系特点和地理分布

俞德浚, 陆玲娣, 谷粹芝

(中国科学院植物研究所，北京)

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1984-10-18 发布日期:1984-10-18
通讯作者: 俞德浚

The Floristic Characteristics and Geographical Distribution of the Rosaceae in Xizang

Yü Te-Tsun, Lu Ling-Ti, Ku Tsue-Chih

(Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Beijing)

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1984-10-18 Published:1984-10-18
Contact: Yü Te-Tsun

摘要/Abstract

关键词: 西藏, 蔷薇科, 植物区系, 地理成分, 地理分区

Abstract:

The Rosaceae is one of the five largest families of Xizang flora, consisting of

30 genera with 242 species, the total number of species is slightly less than those of

Compositae, Graminae, Leguminosae and Ericaceae in Xizang, amounting to 62.5% of

the total number of genera and 28% of the total number of species of the rosaceous flora

in China.

The four subfamilies of Rosaceae including primitive, intermediate and advanced

groups have been found in Xizang. These groups consist of 11 types of floristic ele-

ments, i.e. 4 genera belong to cosmopolitan, 9 genera belong to North Temperate, 3, E.

Asian-N. American, 3 Sino-Himalayan, 3 Sino-Japanesa, 2 Old World Temperate, 1

Temperate Asian, 2 Mediterranean-W. and O. Asian, 1 C. Asian, I Tropical Asian and 1

endemic to China. It is obvious that Rosaceae in Xizang comprises holarctic, Ancient Me-

diterranean and paleotropical elements, among which the temperate components are the

most dominant. The characteristics of the floristic composition of Rosaceae in Xizang

may be summarized as follows:

(1) Xizang abounds in both genera and species of the family which are diverse in

forms, including the primitive, intermediate and advanced groups, (2) The geographi-

cal elements are rather complex, mostly belonging to the temperate, among which the

Sino- Himalayan components and the elements endemic to China are dominant, (3) The

proportion of plants endemic to China and distributed in Xizang is much higher than

those endemic to Xizang itself, but there exist newly arisen species and infraspecific

forms or varieties which show that the speciation is apparently still active in Xizang.

The rosaceous flora of Xizang is a combination of old and new floristic elements, based

on the old floristic components, affected by the upheaval of the Himalayas, the differen-

tiation and speciation have been taking place in the long history.

The geographical distribution of Rosaceae in Xizang may be divided into 5 regions,

i.e. the northeastern, southeastern, southern, northwestern and northern. The rosaceous

plants are most abundant in the southeastern area, next in southern area, fewer in the

northeastern and very rare in the northwestern and northern regions. The general ten-

dency of the distribution of Rosaceae in Xizang is that the number of species gradually

decreases from the southeast to the northwest and the habit gradually changes from

trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants in the southeast to cushion-like scrubs and dwarf

perennial herbs in the northwest. These facts clearly show that the uplift of the Hi-

malayas has deeply affected the phytogeographical distribution of Xizang Rosaceae.

The rosaceous flora of Xizang has close relationships with those of the adjoring

regions, i.e. Yunnan and Sichuan. Besides, it is connected with floras of Nepal, Sikkim,

Bhutan nothern Buram and nothern India, but silghtly influenced by the Ancient Medi-

terranean flora.

Key words: flora, geographical elements, geographical regionalization, Rosaceae, Xizang

俞德浚, 陆玲娣, 谷粹芝. 西藏蔷薇科植物的区系特点和地理分布[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Yü Te-Tsun, Lu Ling-Ti, Ku Tsue-Chih. The Floristic Characteristics and Geographical Distribution of the Rosaceae in Xizang[J]. .

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