四川及其邻近地区一些植物的细胞学研究(一)

中国科学院大学学报

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四川及其邻近地区一些植物的细胞学研究(一)

¹汤彦承, ¹向秋云, ²曹亚玲

¹(中国科学院植物研究所，北京) ²(中国科学院成都生物研究所，成都)

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1984-10-18 发布日期:1984-10-18
通讯作者: 汤彦承

Cytological Studies on Some Plants of Sichuan and Neighbouring Regions (I)

¹Tang Yan-Cheng, ¹Xiang Qiu-Yun, ²Cao Ya-Ling

¹(Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Beijing)
²(Chengdu Institute of Biology, Academia Sinica, Chengdu)

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1984-10-18 Published:1984-10-18
Contact: Tang Yan-Cheng

摘要/Abstract

关键词: 鞘柄木属, 大百合属, 万寿竹属, 重楼属, 吉祥草属, 染色体数目, 核型, 细胞地理

Abstract:

From standpoint of floristic division, Sichuan is located in the middle part

of Eastern Asiatic Region (Takhtajan 1978) or is the area where Sino-Himalayan Forest

Subkingdom and Sino-Japan Forest Subkingdom meet (wu 1979). Here exist many so-

called Arcto-Tertiary elements and newly originated species or races. In order to bring

the light the origin and differentiation of Eastern Asiatic elements, cytological investi-

gation on plants of this region are very significant. The materials of the following 5

species were collected on Mt. Emei in Sichuan Province. Voucher specimens are kept in CDBI.

1. Toricellia angulata Oliver var. intermedia (Harms) Hu

PMC meiotic examination revealed n = 12 at diakinesis (Pl. I fig. 9)

Toricellia, consisting of 2 spp., is endemic to Eastern Asiatic Region. Based on

our result along with the report of Toricellia tiliifolia (Wall.) DC. (2n=24) by Kuro-

sawa (1977), we argue that the basic chromosome number of Toricellia is 12. Many

authors, such as Airy-Shaw (1973), Dahlgren (1975, 1977), Takhtajan (1969, 1980),

Thorne (1983), have adopted Hu’s (1934) treatment erecting it as a monotypic family

Toricelliaceae. Its systematic position, whether closer to Cornaceae than to Araliaceae

or vice versa, has been in dispute. Cytologically it seems closer to Araliaceae, as shown

anatomically (Lodriguez 1971), because the basic chromosome number of Cornaceae s.

1. is x=11, 9, 8 (Kurosawa 1977), whereas that of Araliaceae is 12 (Raven 1975).

2. Cardiocrinum giganteum (Wall.) Makino

Somatic chromosome number, 2n=24 was determined from root-tip cells (Ph. I. fig.

8).

Cardiocrinum (Endl.) Lindl., consisting of 3 spp., is endemic to Eastern Asiatic

Region. C. giganteum (Wall.) Makino is distributed from Himalayan region to S. W.

China. The present report is in accord with the number reported by Kurosawa (1966)

who got the material from Darjeeling of India. However the karyotype of the present

plant is slightly different from that given by Kurosawa. In the present material, the

satellites of the 1st. pair of chromosomes and the short arms of llst. pair of chromoso-

mes are visibly longer than those of Kurosawa’s drawing (fig. 1, 2) The plants from

Yunnan, Sichuan and Hubei Provinces, named as C. giganteum var. yunnanense (Leit-

chtlin ex Elwes) Stearn, differ slightly from those of Himalayan region also in outer

morphological characters. The taxon needs both cytological and taxonomical further

studies.

3. Disporum cantoniense (Lour.) Merr.

PMC meiotic examination revealed n=8 at diakinesis (Pl. I. fig. 6)

This species is widely distributed from Himalayan region through Indo-China to

our Taiwan Province and Indonesia. Three cytotypes (2n=14, 16, 30) were reported for

the taxon including its variety, var. parviflorum (Wall) Hara, by various authors (Ha-

segawa 1932, Mehra and Pathamia 1960, Kurosawa 1966, 1971 Mehra and Sachdeva

1976a). Some authors consider D. pullum Salisb. and D. calcaratum D. Don as synonyms

of D. cantoniense. So D. cantoniense may be a species aggregate with different extreme

races. Sen (1973a, b.) reports that the somatic chromosome numbers of D. pullum

and D. calcaratum from Eastern Himalayan region are 14, 16, 28, 30, 32. He also

discovered that chromosome alterations in species of Disporum involve not only the num-

ber but the structure as well. He found that in species of Liliaceae where the reproduc-

tion is mainly vegetative, polysomaty often occurs. In China we have not only D. can-

toniense and D. calcaratum but also D. brachystomon Wang et Tang which is similar

to D. cantoniense var. parviflorum (Wall.) Hara. These taxa need further critical

studies.

4. Paris fargesii Franch.

PMC meiotic examination revealed n=5+2B (Voucher no. 112) or n=5 (Voucher

no. 62) at MI and AI (Pl. I. fig. 1. 4. 5.). This is the first report for the species. A

bridge and a fragment were also observed at AI.

Paris polyphylla Smith is extraordinarily polymorphic species. Hara (1969) re-

gards all chinese extreme forms, such as P. fargesii Franch., P. violacea Lévl., P. pube-

scens (Hand. -Mzt.) Wang et Tang, etc. as infraspecific taxa of P. polyphylla. Need-

less to say, the various races of P. polyphylla Smith in China need further critical stu-

dies and are good material for further study to understand the speciation.

5. Reineckia carnea(Andr.) Kunth

Reineckia is a monotypic genus endemic to Eastern Asiatic Region. In the present

material somatic chromosome number in root-tip cells is determined as 2n=38 (Pl. I. fig.

7). According to the terminology defined by Levan et al., the karyotype formula is

2n=28 m+10 sm. The length of chromosomes varies from 14.28 μ to 5.5 μ. The idiogram

given here (fig. 3) is nearly the same as that presented by Hsu et Li (1984). The same

number has been previously reported by several authors, Noguchi (1936), Satô (1942),

Therman (1956). The karyotype is relatively symmetrical (2B, accorling to the classi-

fication of stebbins 1971) in accord with the opinion of Therman (1956).

Key words: Toricellia, Cardiocrinum, Disporum, Paris, Reineckia, chromosome numder, karyotype, cytogeography

汤彦承, 向秋云, 曹亚玲. 四川及其邻近地区一些植物的细胞学研究(一)[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Tang Yan-Cheng, Xiang Qiu-Yun, Cao Ya-Ling. Cytological Studies on Some Plants of Sichuan and Neighbouring Regions (I)[J]. .

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四川及其邻近地区一些植物的细胞学研究(一)

Cytological Studies on Some Plants of Sichuan and Neighbouring Regions (I)

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