金缕梅科系统发育的古孢粉学证据

中国科学院大学学报

金缕梅科系统发育的古孢粉学证据

王宪曾

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1992-03-18 发布日期:1992-03-18
通讯作者: 王宪曾

Palaeopalynological Evidence of Phylogeny in Hamamelidaceae

Wang Xian-Zeng

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1992-03-18 Published:1992-03-18
Contact: Wang Xian-Zeng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文系统描述了现代金缕梅科中主要属的花粉形态特征，并在此基础上运用孢粉学的资料探讨

了金缕梅科的系统分类及其演化规律。

文中还详细记述了金缕梅科中化石花粉的形态、出现的地质时代及分布；并进一步探讨了金缕梅科的地质演进历史。文章认为．早白垩世时期为金缕梅科的发生期，晚白垩世为金缕梅科的发展期。在这一时期金缕梅科中的主要属——金缕梅属Hamamelis、蜡瓣花属Corylopsis，弗特吉属Fothergilla均已出现。被子植物第一次在植物界中占据优势。进入早第三纪时期金缕梅科得到了进一步的发展和完善，花粉形态由三沟型演进出散孔型。最后，本文通过对金缕梅科孢粉形态学的研究和生物地层学的研究，详细的论述了金缕梅科演化的古孢粉学证据。文章认为金缕梅目可能由棒纹粉(Clavatipollenites)直接演进而来，而后再演进金缕梅科中其他各属种。文中还根据孢粉形态学的分析和孢粉生物地层学的研究，提出金缕梅科中的枫香属Liquidambar是和金缕梅科中的主要类群(三沟型)完全不同的两个类群，从而同意枫香属应当从金缕梅科中独立出来，另建立一个阿丁枫科Altingiaceae。

关键词: 金缕梅科, 系统发育, 孢粉学

Abstract:

This paper deals with evolution, classification and pollen morphology of the

Hamamelidaceae, an important family in phylogeny of angiosperms.

I. Pollen morphology and systematics of modern Hamamelidaceae.

The pollen morphology of the family may be divided into the following four types: (1)

Tricolpate: Hamamelis, Loropetalum, Mytilaria, Corylopsis, Sysopsis, and Distylum etc.;

(2) Tricolpate with operculum: Disanthus; (3) Tricolporate: Rhodoleia; (4) Pantoporate:

Liquidambar.

The tricolpate pollen of the Hamamelidaceae is a primitive type in angiosperms, but the

most ancient type is monocolpate pollen. Therefore, the family might have evolved from the

Magnoliaceae of the monocolpate pollen. The pantoporate pollen is an evolutionary type in

the family. It might have evolved from the tricolpate pollen.

II.The fossil pollen of the Hamamelidaceae

1 .General introduction of the fossil pollen of the family Hamamelidaceae

The most’ancient fossil pollen belonging to the family was found in the middle-late Ear-

ly Cretaceous. Palynologists call the fossil pollen of the Hamamelidaceae Retitricolpites,

which consists of three genera: Hamamelis L.,Corylopsis Sieb. et Zucc and Fothergilla

Murr. Liquidambar is of an advanced type in the fossil pollen of the Hamamelidaceae. It

was found in the period from the Palaeogene to the Neogene in China.

2. The geological history of the Hamamelidaceae may be divided into the following four

stages:

(A) The Early Cretaceous stage or origination stage. The family may be evolved from

Magnoliales in the middle-late Early Cretaceous. (B)the Late Cretaceous stage or forma-

tion stage. The family is much developed in the period. (C) The Tertiary stage or develop-

ment stage. The family was a much developed one among angiosperms. (D)The Neogene to

modern stage or perfection stage. The evolutionary type, the Liquidambar type of the

Hamamelidaceae, was much developed in the Neogene.

III. The palaeopalynological evidence of evolution of the Hamamelidaceae

The earliest fossil pollen of angiosperms was found in the Barremian (Early Cretaceous)

in England, Israel, the United States of America etc., and was named as Clavatipollenites by

Couper (1953). In recent years, Clavatipollenites was also found in the middle-late Early

Cretaceous in Nei Monggol and Jiangxi Province of China. We also found Retitricolpites in

the middle-late Early Cretaceous in Nei Monggol and Jiangxi Province. Retitricolpites, be-

longing to the Hamamelidaceae, is a primitive type among angiosperms, but it is younger

than Clavatipollenites. Therefore, the pollen of Hamamelidaceae may have evoloved from

Clavatipollenites, which may have evoloved in turn from that of Magnoliales.

Key words: Hamamelidaceae, Phylogeny, Palynology

王宪曾. 金缕梅科系统发育的古孢粉学证据[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Wang Xian-Zeng. Palaeopalynological Evidence of Phylogeny in Hamamelidaceae[J]. .

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