石荠苎属的遗传分化与种间关系分析

中国科学院大学学报

石荠苎属的遗传分化与种间关系分析

周世良

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1999-01-10 发布日期:1999-01-10
通讯作者: 周世良

Genetic divergence and analysis of the relationships between species of Mosla (Labiatae)

ZHOU Shi-Liang

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1999-01-10 Published:1999-01-10
Contact: ZHOU Shi-Liang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

杂交实验结果表明，石荠苎属(唇形科)中国产的7个种，即小花荠苎Mosla cavaleriei、石香薷M．

chinensis、小鱼仙草M．dianthera、杭州石荠苎M．hangchouensis、疏花荠苎M．pauciflora、石荠苎M．

scabra和苏州石荠苎M．soochouensis，彼此之间生殖隔离。这7个种中，疏花荠苎是四倍体，由杂交伴随

多倍化产生。根据21个代表居群在15个酶系统的28个位点的等位酶资料分析，其余6个二倍体种组成3个亲缘关系密切的种对。杭州石荠苎和石香薷的亲缘关系最近，石香薷可能由于涉及繁育系统类型的大突变而与杭州石荠苎分化开来。小花荠苎与小鱼仙草比较接近，但它们的遗传分化很显著，除了突变之外，染色体结构也有大的变异，最明显的表现是随体的位置不同，小花荠苎的随体位于长臂上，而小鱼仙草与其它种一样，随体位于短臂上。石荠苎和苏州石荠苎在酶基因位点上的分化不大，但生境隔离、花期隔离和繁育系统的差别等能有效地保持种的独立性。不同的生境要求、不同的花期、花的形态结构的分化、繁育系统类型的不同、杂种F_l代高度不育、染色体数目和核型的差异等均为石荠苎属下种间有效的隔离机制，而且近缘种间常是多种机制共同起作用。

关键词: 石荠苎属, 物种形成, 生殖隔离, 等位酶分析, 杂交

Abstract:

Seven species were recognized in Mosla in China. M. pauciflora (C. Y. Wu)

C. Y. Wu et H. W. Li is an allotetraploid (2n=36 ), while the other six species are

diploids (2n=18). Cluster analysis based on allozyme data from 28 loci of 15 enzyme sys-

tems reveals that the six diploid species formed three species pairs. M. cavaleriei Lévl.is

closely related to M. dianthera (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. ) Maxim., M. chinensis and M.

hangchouensis Matsuda are sibling species, and M. scabra (Thunb.) C. Y. Wu et H. W.

Li is allied to M. soochouensis. Although M. cavaleriei and M. dianthera are close rela-

tives, considerable genetic divergence has been detected between them. One third of alleles

are unique to either of them, and 28.6 % of their loci have different alleles fixed. The aver-

age genetic identity ( 1 ) between populations of these two species is 0.770, and the average

genetic distance (D) is 0.261. M. scabra and M. soochouensis are the least divergent

species pair (I =0.979, D＝0.025). No completely divergent locus was detected, and the

percentages of unique alleles are 11.1% to M. scabra and 16.7 % to M. soochouensis. This

finding indicates that a high level of genetic differentiation is unnecessarily a prerequisite of

speciation. A moderate divergence is detected between M. chinensis and M. hangchouensis

(I＝0.899, D=0.107, and 7.1% of completely diverged loci) yet the latter harbors four

times as many unique alleles (45.1% ) as the former does(11.8 % ). Compared to the genetic

divergence between M. scabra and M. soochouensis, M. dianthera and M. hangchouen-

sis and may well been undergoing active speciation have the high genetic distance between

populations (0.034 and 0.026 respectively).

Key words: Mosla, Speciation, Reproductive isolation, Allozyme, Hybridization

周世良. 石荠苎属的遗传分化与种间关系分析[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

ZHOU Shi-Liang. Genetic divergence and analysis of the relationships between species of Mosla (Labiatae)[J]. .

[1]	王喆, 张洁, 赵宇亮, 秘晓林. 肿瘤抑制因子Caliban相互作用蛋白的筛选和验证[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2011, 28(4): 481-488.
[2]	王安平田宗漱. 具有一个无外力圆弧边含转动自由度的杂交应力元[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2007, 24(1): 25-33.
[3]	王鸿霞; 叶乃好; 李文生; 张开春; 束怀瑞. 樱桃属种间杂种的早期分子鉴定[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2006, 23(5): 671-675.
[4]	张海琴,周永红,郑有良,杨瑞武,丁春邦. 长芒猬草与华山新麦草属间杂种的形态学和细胞学研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2002, 40(5): 421-427.
[5]	张寿洲, 卢宝荣, 洪德元. 原位杂交技术在稻属研究中的应用[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1998, 36(1): 87-96.
[6]	卢宝荣. 披碱草属与大麦属系统关系的研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1997, 35(3): 193-207.
[7]	刘琰, 徐炳声. 石蒜属的核型研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1989, 27(4): 257-264.