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葱属宽叶组植物细胞分类学研究

景望春,许介眉,杨蕾   

  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1999-01-10 发布日期:1999-01-10
  • 通讯作者: 景望春

A study on cytotaxonomy of Sect. Anguinum of Allium

JING Wang-Chun, XU Jie-Mei, YANG Lei   

  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1999-01-10 Published:1999-01-10
  • Contact: JING Wang-Chun

摘要:

百合科Liliaceae葱属Allium的宽叶组Sect.Anguinum包括5种3变种。通过对该组的5种1变
种的23个地方居群的研究,得出以下结果。(1)宽叶组植物的染色体基数为8,核型类型一致,为2A
型,染色体类型以及不对称系数都很相似。核型特征的共性表明该组是一个自然的分类群。(2)虽然
总体上组内的核型表现出较大的相似性,但在种间和种内各居群间也存在一定的差异。主要表现为:有
的种内存在染色体的倍性变化;B染色体的有无以及数目和形态,在种内不同居群间存在变化;随体染
色体上衔接随体的有无,在种间及种内都表现出多态性。(3)三倍体卵叶韭Allium ovalifolium高度不
育,靠新产生的地下走茎进行无性繁殖,以此扩大居群。(4)根据善葱A.victorialis分布区广而地史相
对古老的分布格局,推测它为本组的原始类群。它通过地理的(渐进的)物种形成方式,逐步演化形成现
在的各个分类群。(5)根据该组植物的分布格局和演化过程,提出我国横断山区至秦岭一带为本组植
物的现代分布中心和分化中心。

关键词: 葱属, 宽叶组, 核型, 多倍体, B染色体, 种内分化, 种间亲缘关系

Abstract:

Allium Sect. Anguinum G. Don (Liliaceae) includes five species and three vari-
eties. The results of investigation on 23 local populations, representing five species and one
variety of this section, are as follows: (1) In this section, the basic chromosome number is
x=8, and the karyotypes of all the species belong to 2A type. All the populations have simi-
lar metaphase chromosomes. The similar karyotypical features support the viewpoint that
Sect. Anguinum is a natural taxon. (2) Despite the fact that the karyotypicat features appear
to be similar, karyotypical differences exist in some populations within the same species or
among the species. First, there are various levels of ploidy. Second, the occurrence, number
and shape of B chromosomes are variable among the populations. Third, as for the satellite
chromosomes, there is a polymorphism in occurrence of the tandem satellites. (3) Highly
sterile triploid of Allium ovalifolium has a kind of stolon and expands population by vegeta
tive propagation. (4) According to widely geographical distribution and relatively old geolog-
ical history of the geographical area, A. victorialis is considered as a primitive species in this
section. This species, by means of geographical (gradual) speciation, has evolved step by
step to the other species. (5) According to the geographical distribution and evolutionary
process of Sect. Anguinum, it is proposed that the region from the Hengduan Mountains to
the Qingling Range of China be the center of present distribution and differentiation of the
section.

Key words: Allium, Sect. Anguinum, Karyotype, Polyploid, B chromosome, Intraspecif-