| [1] 盛裴轩,毛节泰,李建国,等. 大气物理学[M]. 北京:北京大学出版社, 2003: 27,520-521.[2] Chate D M. Study of scavenging of submicron-sized aerosol particles by thunderstorm rain events[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2005, 39(35): 6608-6619.[3] Sun G H. Measurement study of aerosol wet scavenging during summer rain episodes in Shangdianzi.Beijing: The Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,2012(in Chinese). 孙根厚. 上甸子站夏季降水期间气溶胶湿清除影响的观测研究. 北京: 中国气象科学研究院, 2012.[4] Chate D M, Murugavel P. Below-cloud rain scavenging of atmospheric aerosols for aerosol deposition models[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2011, 99(3/4): 528-536.[5] Tinsley B A, Hei R R P. MEffects of image charges on the scavenging of aerosol particles by cloud droplets and on droplet charging and possible ice nucleation processes[J]. Journal of the Aerosol Sciences, 2000, 57(13): 2118-2134.[6] Tinsley B A, Hei M R R P. Electroscavenging in clouds with broad droplet size distributions[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2001, 59(60): 115-135.[7] Chate D M, Pranesha T S. Field studies of scavenging of aerosols by rain events[J]. Journal of Aerosol Science, 2004, 35(6): 695-706.[8] Pruppacher H R, Klett J D. Microphysics of clouds and precipitation. Dordrecht, Boston[M]. London: Kluwer Academic Pubilshers,1998:954.[9] Chate D M. Below-thunderstorm rain scavenging of urban aerosols in the health hazardous modes[J]. Natural Hazards, 2011, 56(1): 81-91.[10] Langmuir I. The production of rain by a chain reaction in cumulus clouds at temperatures above freezing[J]. Journal of Meteorology, 1948, 5: 175-192.[11] Greenfield S. Rain scavenging of radioactive particulate matter from the atmosphere[J]. Journal of Meteorology, 1957, 14:115-125.[12] Slinn W G N, Hales J M. A reevaluation of the role of thermophoresis as a mechanism of in-and below-cloud scavenging[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences,1971,28:1465-1471.[13] Adam J R, Semonin R G. Collection efficiencies of raindrops forsubmicron particulates //Paper Presented at Precipitation Scavenging Conference, U S At Energy Comm. Richland, Wash,1971.[14] Davenport H M, Peter L K. Field studies of atmospheric particulate concentration changes during precipitation[J]. Atmos Environ, 1978, 12: 997-1008.[15] Tripathi S N, Hei R G. Enhancement of contact nucleation by scavenging of charged aerosol particles[J]. Atmospheric Research, 2002, 62(1/2): 57-70.[16] Chate D M, Devara P C S. Parametric study of scavenging of atmospheric aerosols of various chemical species during thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm rain events[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005, 110(D23).[17] Christian H M, Blakeslee R J,Boccippio D J, et al. Global frequency and distribution of lightning as observed from space by the Optical Transient Detector[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108(DI):4005. doi:10.1092/2002 JD002347.[18] Tan W. Research of aerosol size distribution and increasing characteristic at high altitude of Eastern China. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 2012(in Chinese). 谭稳. 华东高海拔地区大气气溶胶粒径分布及增长特征研究. 南京: 南京信息工程大学, 2012.[19] Wang F, Zhu B, Kang H Q, et al. The comparison measurement of aerosol number concentration in summer Nanjing by APS_SMPS-WPS[J].The Environment Science of China, 2011, 31(9): 1416-1423(in Chinese). 王飞,朱彬, 康汉青,等. APS_SMPS_WPS对南京夏季气溶胶数浓度的对比观测[J]. 中国环境科学, 2011, 31(9): 1416-1423.[20] Seinfeld J H, Pandis S N. Atmospheric chemistry and physics[M]. Wiley Interscience Publication. John Wiley and Sons: Hoboken, N J,1998:795,954, 1326.[21] Marshall J S, Palmer W M. The distribution of raindrop with size[J]. Journal of Meteorology, 1948, 5:165-166.[22] Slinn W G N. Precipitation scavenging in atmospheric sciences and power production 1979 //Division of Biomedical Environmental Research. Washtington D C: U S Department of Energy, 1983.[23] 章澄昌,周文贤.大气气溶胶教程[M].北京:气象出版社,1995:70-132.[24] Zhao H B, Zheng C G. Numerical modeling of aerosol wet deposition during rain episodes[J].Journal of Environment Science, 2005, 25(12): 1590-1596(in Chinese). 赵海波, 郑楚光. 降雨过程中气溶胶湿沉降的数值模拟[J]. 环境科学学报, 2005, 25(12): 1590-1596.[25] Chate D M, Pranesha T S. Field measurements of sub-micron aerosol concentration during cold seasons in India[J]. Current Science, 2004, 86(7): 1610-1613.[26] Laakso L. Ultrafine particle scavenging coefficients calculated from 6 years field measurements[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2003, 37(25): 3605-3613.[27] Tost H, Jockel P, Kerkweg A, et al. Technical note: a new comprehensive scavenging sub-model for global atmospheric chemistry modeling[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2006, 6: 565-574.[28] Feng J. A 3-mode parameterization of below-cloud scavenging of aerosols for use in atmospheric dispersion models[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2007, 41(32): 6808-6822.[29] Croft B, Lohmann U. Martin R V, et al. Aerosol size-dependent below-cloud scavenging by rain and snow in the ECHAM5-HAM[J]. Atmos Chem Phys Discuss, 2009, 9: 7873-７925.[30] McGann B T, Jennings S G. The efficiency with which drizzle and precipitation size drops collide with aerosol particles[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1991, 25A: 791-７99.[31] Byrne M A, Jennings S G. Scavenging of sub micrometer aerosol particles by water drops[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1993, 27A: 2099-2105.[32] Chate D M, Rao P S P, Naik M S, et al. Scavenging of aerosols and their chemical species by rain[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2003, 37(18): 2477-2484.[33] McGann B T, Jennings S G. The efficiency with which drizzle and precipitation size drops collide with aerosol particles[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1991, 25A: 791-７99.[34] Berg T G O. Collection efficiency in washout by rain[C]//Precipitation Scavenging CONF 7006001. US: Atomic Energy Commission, 1970: 169-186.[35] Asset G, Hutchins T G. Leeward deposition of particles on cylinders from moving aerosols[J]. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 1967: 348-353.[36] Scott B C. Theoretical estimates of the scavenging coefficient for soluble aerosol particles as a function of precipitation type: rate and altitude[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1982, 16:1753-1762.[37] Yao K Y, Guo J, Fu Y F, et al. Wet scavenging of aerosol particle[J]. Research of Climate and Environment, 1999, 4(3): 297-302(in Chinese). 姚克亚,郭俊,傅云飞,等. 气溶胶粒子的降雨清除[J]. 气候与环境研究, 1999, 4(3): 297-302.[38] Jaenicke R. Tropospheric aerosols[C]//Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interaction. CA, Academic Press: San Diego, 1993: 1-31. |
