工作记忆在心算加工年老化过程中的作用

中国科学院大学学报 ›› 2000, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (1): 80-85.

工作记忆在心算加工年老化过程中的作用

刘昌^1,2, 李德明¹

1. 中国科学院心理研究所, 北京, 100101;
2. 华中师范大学心理学系, 武汉, 430079

收稿日期:2000-09-25 发布日期:2000-01-15
作者简介:刘昌,男,1968年9月生,博士.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(30070265)

The Role of Working Memory in Age Differences in Mental Arithmetic

Liu Chang^1,2, Li De-ming¹

1 Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101;
2. Department of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079

Received:2000-09-25 Published:2000-01-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我们以前的研究表明[1],心算加工年老化过程存在两个中介作用因子,可能分别与认知加工中的记忆成分和速度成分有关,而记忆成分中工作记忆的作用可能尤为重要。在该研究基础上,本研究以172名20-79岁成人为被试,进一步探讨了工作记忆在心算加工年老化过程中的作用。结果表明 :(1 )工作记忆与年龄、工作记忆与心算难度、以及年龄、工作记忆和心算难度三因素间均存在明显的交互作用；(2 )工作记忆能力的高低对心算加工效率影响明显,高工作记忆能力组的心算效率约是低工作记忆能力组心算效率的1.32倍；(3)工作记忆对心算年老化的作用量约为 30%-50%。上述结果说明,工作记忆在心算加工年老化过程中起重要作用。

关键词: 工作记忆, 心算, 年龄

Abstract:

Previous research¹ established that there were two mediators which appeared to be relative to memory component and speed component of cognitive processing respectively in mental arithmetic in aging. This study, involving a totl of 172 adults between 20 and 79 years of age, were conducted to evaluate the relative importance of working memory in mental arthmetic in aging. Three interesting findings were obtained in this study. First, there were the significant interactions among age, working memory, and mental arithmetic complexity.Second, regression of mental arithmetic efficiency in higher working memory on in lower working memory revealed that mental arithmetic efficiency in higher w orking memo ry was 1.32 times as high as lower working memory approximately.Third, Hierarchical regression analysis was used to evaluate the contribution of working memory to mentalarithmetic in aging w hich w as in the range of 30%-5000.These results led us to conclude that working memory play an important role in adult age differences in mental arithmetic.

Key words: working memory, mental arithmetic, age

刘昌, 李德明. 工作记忆在心算加工年老化过程中的作用[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2000, 17(1): 80-85.

Liu Chang, Li De-ming. The Role of Working Memory in Age Differences in Mental Arithmetic[J]. , 2000, 17(1): 80-85.