青藏高原东缘高寒草甸生长季自然放牧母牦牛CO2和CH4呼吸排放通量特征

doi:10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2017.04.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了揭示自然放牧母牦牛温室气体的排放特征，在青藏高原东部的高寒牧区采用开路回流式面罩-气相色谱相结合的方法对不同年龄阶段放牧母牦牛进行CO₂和CH₄呼吸排放通量的研究。结果如下。1）年龄对CO₂和CH₄呼吸排放速率和通量具有显著影响；进食对CH₄呼吸排放速率有显著影响。2）1~2岁牦牛试验组高寒草甸生长季平均CH₄和CO₂呼吸排放通量分别为54.59和2 663.71 g/（头·d）；3~4岁试验组分别为80.48和3 715.17 g/（头·d）；5~6岁试验组分别为84.45和4 663.55 g/（头·d）。3）CO₂和CH₄呼吸排放通量与血液生化指标具有相关性，并且年龄是影响生化指标的重要因素之一。4）自然放牧母牦牛的甲烷排放量远低于在不同区域放牧的其他牛科动物。

关键词: 甲烷, 二氧化碳, 采食量, 年龄, 血液生化指标

Abstract: In order to reveal the characteristics of the greenhouse gas emissions from naturally grazing female yak in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during the growing season, a combination of face mask and GC methods was used to measure the respiratory CO₂ and CH₄ emissions from three age groups of yak. The results showed that age had a significant impact on greenhouse gas emission rate and emission flux. Feeding significantly influenced CH₄ emission rate. The average emission fluxes of CH₄ and CO₂ in 1-2-year-old group were 54.59 and 2 663.71 g·head^-1·d^-1, respectively, and they were 80.48 and 3 715.17 g·head^-1·d^-1 in 3-4-year-old group and 84.45 and 4 663.55 g·head^-1·d^-1 in 5-6-year-old group, respectively. The respiratory CO₂ and CH₄ emission fluxes were positively correlated with yak biochemical parameters, which changed with age. The respiratory CH₄ emissions of yak are lower than bovine raised by freely grazing in other regions.

Key words: methane, carbon dioxide, feed intake, age, biochemical parameters

中图分类号:

Q148

薛丹, 熊婉, 何奕忻, 朱单, 吴宁, 陈槐. 青藏高原东缘高寒草甸生长季自然放牧母牦牛CO₂和CH₄呼吸排放通量特征[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2017, 34(4): 487-497.

XUE Dan, XIONG Wan, HE Yixin, ZHU Dan, WU Ning, CHEN Huai. Respiratory CO₂ and CH₄ emission fluxes from naturally grazing female yak in eastern region of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during alpine meadow growing season[J]. , 2017, 34(4): 487-497.

参考文献

[1] Rodhe H. A comparison of the contribution of various gases to the greenhouse effect[J]. Science, 1990, 248(4 960): 1 217-1 219.
[2] Beauchemin K A, Kreuzer M, O'Mara F, et al. Nutritional management for enteric methane abatement: a review[J]. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2008, 48(2): 21-27.
[3] 冯仰廉, 李胜利, 赵广永,等. 牛甲烷排放量的估测[J].动物营养学报, 2012, 24(1): 1-7.
[4] Johnson K A, Johnson D E. Methane emissions from cattle[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1995, 73(8): 2 483-2 492.
[5] Qiu Q, Zhang G, Ma T, et al. The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude[J]. Nature Genetics, 2012, 44(8): 946-949.
[6] Xue B, Wang L Z, Yan T. Methane emission inventories for enteric fermentation and manure management of yak, buffalo and dairy and beef cattle in China from 1988 to 2009[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2014, 195: 202-210.
[7] 边俊艳. 我国牛的个体特征差异性及其对甲烷排放季节与空间变化影响分析[D].武汉：湖北大学, 2014.
[8] 杨博. 青藏高原冬季放牧牦牛甲烷排放的初步研究[D].兰州：甘肃农业大学, 2009.
[9] 达珍, 次仁卓玛. 体外法测定青藏高原冬季草场放牧牦牛甲烷排放量[J].西藏科技, 2013(11): 65-67.
[10] 王成杰, 汪诗平, 周禾. 放牧家畜甲烷气体排放量测定方法研究进展[J].草业学报, 2006, 15(1): 113-116.
[11] 李恩凯, 杨在宾. 反刍动物甲烷的产生、测定及减排调控的研究[J].中国草食动物科学, 2014(5): 64-68.
[12] Hu E, Babcock E L, Bialkowski S E, et al. Methods and techniques for measuring gas emissions from agricultural and animal feeding operations[J]. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 2014, 44(3): 200-219.
[13] Bhatta R, Enishi O, Kurihara M. Measurement of methane production from ruminants[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2007, 20(8): 1 305-1 318.
[14] Harper L A, Denmead O T, Flesch T K. Micrometeorological techniques for measurement of enteric greenhouse gas emissions [J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2011, 166 (7): 227-239.
[15] Brou?ek, J. Methods of methane measurement in ruminants introduction[J]. Slovak Journal of Animal Science, 2014, 47(1): 51-60.
[16] Sejian V, Lal R, Lakritz J, et al. Measurement and prediction of enteric methane emission[J]. International Journal of Biometeorology, 2011, 55(1): 1-16.
[17] 徐田伟, 胡林勇, 葛世栋,等.青藏高原高寒牧区冷季补饲藏系绵羊温室气体排放特征[J].农业环境科学学报, 2014(10): 2 071-2 076.
[18] Wang C, Wang S, Zhou H, et al. Effects of forage composition and growing season on methane emission from sheep in the Inner Mongolia steppe of China[J]. Ecological Research, 2007, 22(1): 41-48.
[19] Sasaki N, Hobo S, Yoshihara T. Measurement for breath concentration of hydrogen and methane in horses[J]. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 1999, 61(9): 1 059-1 062.
[20] Lin S X, Wei C, Zhao G Y, et al. Effects of supplementing rare earth element cerium on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and plasma biochemical parameters in beef cattle[J]. Journal of Animal Physiology & Animal Nutrition, 2015, 99(6): 1 047-1 055.
[21] 邹小艳, 罗彩云, 徐世晓,等.不同种牧草的产量和品质[J].草地学报, 2015, 23(5): 1 064-1 067.
[22] 覃春富, 张佩华, 张继红,等.畜牧业温室气体排放机制及其减排研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2011, 38(11): 209-214.
[23] Deramus H A, Clement T C, Giampola D D, et al. Methane emissions of beef cattle on forages: efficiency of grazing management systems[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2003, 32(1): 269-277.
[24] Molano G, Clark H, Knight T W, et al. Methane emissions from growing beef cattle grazing hill country pasture[J]. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production, 2006, 66: 172-175.
[25] Jiao H, Yan T, Wills D A, et al. Development of prediction models for quantification of total methane emission from enteric fermentation of young Holstein cattle at various ages[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2014, 183(183): 160-166.
[26] Grandl F, Amelchanka S L, Furger M, et al. Biological implications of longevity in dairy cows: 2. Changes in methane emissions and efficiency with age[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2016, 99(5): 3 472-3 485.
[27] Ulyatt M J, Lassey K R, Shelton I D, et al. Methane emission from sheep grazing four pastures in late summer in New Zealand[J]. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 2005, 48(4): 385-390.
[28] Swainson N M, Hoskin S O, Clark H, et al. The effect of age on methane emissions from young, weaned red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags grazing perennial-ryegrass (Lolium perenne)-based pasture[J]. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 2007, 50(9): 407-416.
[29] 王小林. 奶牛不同生理阶段甲烷排放规律研究及热应激对犊牛甲烷排放量的影响[D].乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2012.
[30] 颜志成, 谢天宇, 王荣,等. 冬春两季奶牛胃肠道甲烷排放量变化的研究[J].湖南农业科学, 2015(2): 50-54.
[31] 薛白, 赵新全, 张耀生. 青藏高原天然草场放牧家畜的采食量动态研究[J].家畜生态学报, 2004, 25(4):21-25.
[32] Richmond A S, Wylie A R, Laidlaw A S, et al. Methane emissions from beef cattle grazing on semi-natural upland and improved lowland grasslands[J]. Animal, 2014, 9(1): 1-8.
[33] Hegarty R S, Goopy J P, Herd R M, et al. Cattle selected for lower residual feed intake have reduced daily methane production[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2007, 85(6):1 479-1 486.
[34] Blaxter K L, Clapperton J L. Prediction of the amount of methane produced by ruminants[J]. British Journal of Nutrition, 1965, 19(4):511-522.
[35] 赵一广. 肉用绵羊甲烷排放的测定与估测模型的建立[D].北京:中国农业科学院, 2012.
[36] 孙斌, 龚飞飞, 邵伟,等. 泌乳牛甲烷24小时排放及排放量变化的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘, 2013(3):28-31.
[37] Kennedy B P M, Milligan L P. Effects of cold exposure on digestion, microbial synthesis and nitrogen transformation in sheep[J]. Biochemical Journal, 2010, 206(2):287-293.
[38] 于子洋, 王鑫, 林英庭. 大蒜素对动物血清生化指标的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业, 2013(9):53-56.
[39] 东北农学院. 兽医临床诊断学[M]. 北京: 农业出版社,1980.
[40] 冯志华. 蒺藜皂苷对奶牛瘤胃发酵、甲烷产量、抗氧化功能及免疫功能的影响[D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2013.
[41] 赵丽萍. 硝酸盐对肉牛瘤胃发酵、微生物多样性、血液生化及抗氧化性能的影响[D].北京: 中国农业大学, 2015.
[42] 赵中权, 何晶晶, 李周权,等. 大足黑山羊生理生化指标测定[J].畜牧与兽医, 2011, 43(2):60-62.
[43] 党万花, 李生芳, 赵青山. 含野血牦牛与家牦牛7项生化指标的比较[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2014(18): 121-122.
[44] 圈华, 李莉. 青藏高原不同生长期牦牛15项指标的测定[J].动物医学进展, 2011, 32(8): 62-65.
[45] Ding X Z, Long R J, Kreuzer M, et al. Methane emissions from yak (Bos grunniens) steers grazing or kept indoors and fed diets with varying forage:concentrate ratio during the cold season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Fuel & Energy Abstracts, 2011, 162(3): 91-98.
[46] Shao B, Long R, Ding Y, et al. Morphological adaptations of yak (Bos grunniens) tongue to the foraging environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2010, 88(8): 2 594-2 603.
[47] Christopherson R J. Effects of prolonged cold and the outdoor winter environment on apparent digestibility in sheep and cattle[J]. Canadian Veterinary Journal La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne, 1976, 56(2): 201-212.
[48] Kennedy P M, Milligan L P. Effects of cold exposure on digestion, microbial synthesis and nitrogen transformations in sheep[J]. British Journal of Nutrition, 1978, 39(1): 105-117.
[49] Pinares-Patiño C S, Franco F E, Molano G, et al. Feed intake and methane emissions from cattle grazing pasture sprayed with canola oil[J]. Livestock Science, 2015, 184: 7-12.
[50] Hammond K J, Humphries D J, Crompton L A, et al. Methane emissions from cattle: Estimates from short-term measurements using a GreenFeed system compared with measurements obtained using respiration chambers or sulphur hexafluoride tracer[J]. Animal Feed Science & Technology, 2015, 203: 41-52.
[51] Tomkins N W, McGinn S M, Turner D A, et al. Comparison of open-circuit respiration chambers with a micrometeorological method for determining methane emissions from beef cattle grazing a tropical pasture[J]. Animal Feed Science & Technology, 2011, 166(7): 240-247.
[52] Mcginn S M, Turner D, Tomkins N, et al. Methane emissions from grazing cattle using point-source dispersion [J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2010, 40(1): 22-27.
[53] Foley P A, Kenny D A, Callan J J, et al. Effect of DL-malic acid supplementation on feed intake, methane emission, and rumen fermentation in beef cattle[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2009, 87(3): 1 048-1 057.
[54] Jones F M, Phillips F A, Naylor T, et al. Methane emissions from grazing Angus beef cows selected for divergent residual feed intake[J]. Animal Feed Science & Technology, 2011, 166 (7):302-307.
[55] Grainger C, Clarke T, Beauchemin K A, et al. Supplementation with whole cottonseed reduces methane emissions and can profitably increase milk production of dairy cows offered a forage and cereal grain diet[J]. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2008, 48(2): 73-76.

青藏高原东缘高寒草甸生长季自然放牧母牦牛CO₂和CH₄呼吸排放通量特征

Respiratory CO₂ and CH₄ emission fluxes from naturally grazing female yak in eastern region of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during alpine meadow growing season

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 8

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

访问统计

联系我们

[1]	张翔云, 刘玉柱, 马馨宇, 秦朝朝. 碘甲烷在外电场下的光谱和解离特性[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2018, 35(6): 839-844.
[2]	张航, 黄思嘉, 李娜, 周屈兰. La_1-xSr_xMnO₃催化剂催化CH₄选择性还原NO的实验研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2016, 33(2): 234-239.
[3]	郭红光, 余志晟, 魏敏, 张洪勋. 生物成因煤层气形成的微生物分子生态学研究进展[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2015, 32(1): 1-8.
[4]	康萍, 黄瑞林, 印遇龙. 大米糖浆替代乳糖对早期断奶仔猪血液生化及激素指标的影响[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2008, 25(5): 671-676.
[5]	张永刚; 李铁军; 黄瑞林; 印遇龙; 张平; 范明哲; 方热军; 汤海林; 周绍儒. 生长猪真可消化磷需要量的研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2006, 23(4): 500-508.
[6]	丁维新; 蔡祖聪. 自然湿地甲烷排放时空变化规律研究（英文）[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2006, 23(4): 561-568.
[7]	徐华, 蔡祖聪. 土壤性质和非水稻生长期土壤水分对CH₄产生、氧化和排放的影响（英文）[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2004, 21(3): 427-431.
[8]	刘昌, 李德明. 工作记忆在心算加工年老化过程中的作用[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2000, 17(1): 80-85.