氧化铝工业赤泥环境影响研究进展

doi:10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2017.04.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 赤泥是氧化铝工业生产过程排放的强碱性固体废弃物，盐分含量高、资源化利用难。外排赤泥以堆存方式为主，污染事故频发，赤泥环境安全问题正严重威胁氧化铝工业的可持续发展。在调研近30年国内外相关文献的基础上，综述赤泥的物理化学特性和生物学毒性，分析赤泥处置和资源化利用的环境影响，剖析赤泥堆场生态修复和基质改良的环境问题，解析赤泥库溃坝对周边土壤、水体和生态系统的环境风险，结合国内外氧化铝工业赤泥处置和资源化利用方面亟待关注的问题提出未来赤泥环境影响研究的重点方向。这将为赤泥资源化利用和规模化处置过程的环境风险防控管理、促进氧化铝工业的健康发展提供科学依据。

关键词: 赤泥, 氧化铝工业, 赤泥处置, 赤泥资源化, 环境影响

Abstract: Bauxite residue is a solid waste in the industrial process of aluminum oxide, and it is characterized by high alkalinity and salinity and has no large volume of utilization. Presently, bauxite residue is still stored or dumped on land. The high rate of bauxite residue spill and pollution episode and the impact of bauxite residue seriously threaten sustainable development of alumina industry. On the basis of reviewing the literature in recent 30 years, this review summarizes the physical properties, chemical properties, and biological toxicity, focuses on the four dimensions of environmental impacts of bauxite residue, including the chronic and potential problems of disposal, utilization, and revegetation, and emphasizes the acute and sudden environmental risk to surrounding soil, water, and ecosystem with a typical bauxite residue repository failure case. Given the concerned problems of disposal and utilization of bauxite residue, future research directions are also discussed in this paper. This will provide a scientific reference for the large-scale disposal of bauxite residue and ecological rehabilitation, and ensure the healthy development of alumina industry.

Key words: bauxite residue, alumina industry, bauxite residue disposal, bauxite residue utilization, environmental impact

中图分类号:

X503

薛生国, 李玉冰, 郭颖. 氧化铝工业赤泥环境影响研究进展[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2017, 34(4): 401-412.

XUE Shengguo, LI Yubing, GUO Ying. Environmental impact of bauxite residue：a comprehensive review[J]. , 2017, 34(4): 401-412.

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