有机质参与铅锌成矿作用研究——以兰坪盆地金顶铅锌矿床为例

doi:10.7523/j.ucas.2024.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 滇西北兰坪盆地属于中新生代盆地，历经多期次构造-热演化过程。在盆地新生代成矿过程中，金顶铅锌矿床内部有机质丰富且与矿体相伴生，但有机质参与铅锌成矿的方式与过程仍存在争议。研究表明：在盆地浅层非强酸性流体介质及低于200 ℃流体温度条件下，有机质与金属离子络合并非其参与金顶铅锌矿化的主要方式。金顶矿区有机质普遍经历过生物降解，但仍含有可检的正构烷烃、类异戊间二烯烃以及萘、菲、联苯等化合物，少量有机质已不含正构烷烃和类异戊间二烯烃，呈现出甾烷初步降解的特征，无25-降霍烷生成，总体符合2~5级生物降解，与细菌还原硫酸盐作用(BSR)相一致。矿床内成矿方解石的δ¹³C_PDB与δ¹⁸O_PDB值之间无明显相关性，其稀土元素分布模式、Y/Ho值以及Sr含量等指标与热化学硫酸盐还原作用(TSR)成因的方解石的特征不同，且矿床中固体沥青的δ¹³C_PDB值(-27‰)未显示出小于烃源岩δ¹³C_PDB(估算值)的特征，因此认为TSR可能在盆地局部浅层区域内不起主要作用。硫化物δ³⁴S的估算结果显示，由有机质热解生成的H₂S的δ³⁴S值为-5‰~0，这与矿床金属硫化物δ³⁴S直方图中重硫同位素峰值的范围(-8‰~-2‰)相符。基于实际成矿特征，考虑1/3的铅锌矿石与有机质热解作用相关，且古油藏原油含硫量为1.5%，则成矿所需原油量为9 687万t，这与地质事实相符，表明有机质热解也可能参与成矿作用。综上，在盆地演化过程中，有机质主要通过古油藏形成阶段的BSR作用和盆地深部高温成矿阶段的TSR作用或有机质热解作用参与铅锌成矿过程。

关键词: 有机质参与成矿作用, 金顶铅锌矿床, 细菌硫酸盐还原, 热化学硫酸盐还原, 有机质热解

Abstract: A large amount of organic matter (OM) is associated with ore bodies in the Jinding lead-zinc deposit, Lanping Basin, the northwestern Yunnan Province, but the way and process of OM participation in lead-zinc mineralization remain controversial. OM in the deposit has generally undergone biodegradation, and much of it still contains detectable compounds such as n-alkanes, isoprenoids, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and biphenyl. A small portion of OM does not contain n-alkanes and isoprenoids but shows the characteristics of initial degradation of steranes while no 25-norhopane is generated, which is generally in line with the characteristics of grade 2-5 biodegradation, consistent with the bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR). No significant correlation is observed between the δ¹³C_PDB and δ¹⁸O_PDB values of calcites, and their distribution patterns of REEs, Y/Ho values, and Sr contents are also inconsistent with the characteristics of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) calcites. The δ¹³C_PDBvalues (~-27‰) of bitumen in the deposit are not less than those of source rocks (estimated value), so it is reasonable to infer that TSR is not the main way for OM to participate in the lead-zinc mineralization. The estimation results of δ³⁴S show that the δ³⁴S of H₂S generated by the thermal decomposition of OM is from -5‰ to 0, which is consistent with the range of heavy sulfur isotope peaks (-8‰~-2‰) in the δ³⁴S value histogram of metal sulfides in the deposit. Based on mineralization characteristics, if one-third of the lead-zinc ore is related to the thermal decomposition of OM, and the sulfur content of crude oil in the paleo reservoir is 1.5%, the amount of crude oil required for mineralization is calculated to be about 96.87 million tons, which is not contradictory to geological facts. Therefore, we propose that OM was mainly involved in lead-zinc mineralization through BSR in the formation stage of paleo reservoirs and thermal decomposition of OM in the high-temperature mineralization stage, while large-scale TSR might not occur.

Key words: organic mineralization, Jinding lead-zinc deposit, bacterial sulfate reduction, thermo-chemical sulfate reduction, thermal decomposition

中图分类号:

P611.2

侯信高, 琚宜文, 冯宏业, 肖蕾, 乔鹏, 陶丽茹, 王鹏, 王巍, 高健. 有机质参与铅锌成矿作用研究——以兰坪盆地金顶铅锌矿床为例[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2025, 42(1): 86-106.

HOU Xingao, JU Yiwen, FENG Hongye, XIAO Lei, QIAO Peng, TAO Liru, WANG Peng, WANG Wei, GAO Jian. Organic mineralization in lead-zinc deposits: a case study of the Jinding lead-zinc deposit, Lanping Basin[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2025, 42(1): 86-106.

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