中国苔草属二柱苔草亚属的系统总览及植物地理学的研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文对我国苔草属二柱苔草亚属Subgen．Vignea作了系统排列，并提出以下几点的看法：

1．二柱苔草亚属是苔草属中比较自然的一个类群，我国有48种、7亚种和1变种，隶属于16个

组。根据Takhtajan的世界植物区划，将它们分成4种成分，即：(1)环北方植物地区成分，占总数的

20．4％；(2)东亚植物地区成分，占总数的55.5％。实际上，只有4个分类群出现于中国-喜马拉雅森

林植物亚区，而其余的都均分布于中国-日本森林植物亚区，并且在这一亚区内有8个特有成分，占特

有成分总数的61.5％；显然，中国二柱苔草亚属在中国-日本森林植物亚区内的分化较其他地区更为强

烈；(3)伊朗—吐兰植物地区成分，占总数的16.7％；(4)印度支那植物地区成分和印度植物地区成

分，占总数的7.4％。

2．高节苔草C．thomsonii和云雾苔草C．nubigena类群是Subgen．Vignea中较为原始的种类，

它们为印度支那植物地区和印度植物地区成分。这样非但Subgen．Indocarex原始类群分布于东南亚

和马来西亚，而Subgea．Vignea的原始类群也分布于东南亚，这也是对Nelmes提出Carex起源于印

度-马来西亚地区的一个佐证。

关键词: 苔草属, 二柱苔草亚属, 分类, 植物地理学

Abstract:

In spite of different views on the classification of the genus Carex, the su-

bgenus Vignea (P. Beauv.) Kirsch. in it is relatively natural subgroup adopted by most mo-

dern caricologists. The total number of species in this subgenus is about 330, particularly abun-

dant in the subarctic and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. (Fig. 1. Tab. 1.).

The conspectus of Chinese subgenus Vignea, consisting of 48 species, 7 subspecies and 1 variety,

is given in this article. These 54 taxa (with species, subspecies and variety treated equally at

the same rank and with one widely distributed species and one uncertain species excluded for

floristic analysis here) can be grouped into 4 types of floristic elements according to the

floristic regions of the world suggested by Takhtajan (1986).

1. The elements of the Circumboreal Region (Fig. 2.): Carex diandra, C. vulpina, C.

stipata, C. otrubae, C. curaica, C. disperma, C. bohemica, C. angustior, C. loliacea, C. tenui-

flora and C. lachenalii. They constitute 20.4% of the total and are principally distributed in

the Eurasian Forest Subkingdom of China. Wu's scheme (1979) for the Chinese floristic division

is adopted here.

2. The elements of the Eastern Asiatic Region (Figs. 3, 4, 5): Carex echinochloaeformis,

C. enervis subsp. chuanxibeiensis, C. rochebruni subsp. remotispicula, C. ovatispiculata, C. neu-

rocarpa, C. nubigena subsp. pseudo-arenicola, C. nubigena subsp. albata, C. paxii, C. leiorhyn-

chya, C. laevissima, C. pseudocuraica, C. pallida, C. yamatsutana, C. lithophyla, C. kobomugi,

C. gibba, C. remotiuscula, C. rocheruni subsp. rochebruni, C. rochebruni subsp. reptans, C.

alta, C. maackii, C. omiana, C. pallida var. angustifolia, C. earistata, C. thompsonii, C. larice-

torum, C. maorshanica, C. dailingensis, C. unisexualis C. heilongjingensis. They constitute

55.5% of the total taxa. Wu (1979) considers that the Eastern Asiatic Region is better divid-

ed into the Sino-Himalayan Forest Subkingdom and the Sino-Japan Forest Subkingdom. Among

the taxa mentioned above, only the first four species occur in the Sino-Himalayan Forest Sub-

kingdom and the remaining ones are of the Sino-Japanese Forest Subkingdom. In fact, the

elements of the Sino-Japanese Forest Subkingdom constitute 48.1% of the total, obviously higher

than in the other regions. Moreover, of these taxa the latter eight are endemic to Sino-

Japanese Subkingdom and constitute 61.5% of the endemics of China. It comes to a conclusion

that speciation of Chinese subgenus Vignea is more rapid here than elsewhere.

3. The elements of the Irano-Turanian Region (Fig. 6.): Carex duriuscula subsp, durius-

cula, C. duriuscula subsp, rigescens, C. duriuscula subsp, stenophylloides, C. reptabunda, C.

pycnostachya, C. enervis, C. pseudofoetida, C. sagaensis and C. physodes. They constitute

16.7% of the total and are mainly distributed in Asiatic Desert Subkingdom, Eurasian Steppe

Subkingdom and Qinghai-Xizang (Ching-Tibet) Plateau Subkingdom of China.

4. The elements of the Indo-Chinese Region and the elements of Indian Region (Fig. 7.):

Carex thomsonii, C. fluviatilis, C. craspedotricha and C. nubigena. They constitute 7.4% of the

total taxa and mostly occur in the Malaysian Subkingdom of China. Of these taxa C. thom-

sonii with higher culm-nodes and C. nubigena with inflorescence of basal compound branch.

are regarded by us as primitive ones in the subgenus Vignea. It is interesting to note at this

point that in the Indo-Malaysian Region not only is the Indocaricoid group, a primitive one

of Carex, more concentrated, but also the primitive ones of the subgenus Vignea, the most

advanced group of Carex, are present. The fact supports Nelmes' view (1951) that the genus

Carex had its origin in Indo-Malysian region.

Key words: Carex, Subgenus Vignea, taxonomy, phytogeography

梁松筠, 汤彦承. 中国苔草属二柱苔草亚属的系统总览及植物地理学的研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Liang Song-Yun, Tang Yan-Cheng. A Conspectus and Phytogeography of the Genus Carex Subgen. Vignea (P. Beauv.) Kirsch. in China[J]. .

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中国苔草属二柱苔草亚属的系统总览及植物地理学的研究

A Conspectus and Phytogeography of the Genus Carex Subgen. Vignea (P. Beauv.) Kirsch. in China

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