马兜铃科的地理分布及其系统

中国科学院大学学报

马兜铃科的地理分布及其系统

马金双

(北京师范大学生物系，北京100088)

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1990-09-10 发布日期:1990-09-10
通讯作者: 马金双

The Geographical Distribution and the System of Aristolochiaceae

Ma Jin-Shuang

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1990-09-10 Published:1990-09-10
Contact: Ma Jin-Shuang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

马兜铃科基本是一个热带科。东亚的横断山至华南一带是其原始分布与分化中心，热带美洲是其次生分布与分化中心。科的形态演化趋势是花被由分化的双被到不分化的单被，由分离到合生，由杯状到管状；雄蕊由多数到少数，由分离到与雌蕊结合成为合蕊柱；于房由半下位到完全下位；果实由蓇葖状蒴果到蒴果。马兜铃科分2亚科4族6属。

关键词: 马兜铃科, 地理分布, 分布与分化中心, 演化, 系统

Abstract:

The geographical distribution, the center of distribution and differentiation of

Aristolochiaceae, its subdivision and evolutionary trends are discussed in this paper.

I. The systematic positions, the distribution patterns and the relationships among six ge-

nera in the family Aristolochiaceae, i.e. Saruma, Asarum, Thottea, Holostylis, Aristolochia and

Euglypha, are discussed, and according to the floristic analysis two patterns and five subpat-

terns of distribution of the six genera in the family are recognized. They are:

1) Temperate pattern: a. Eastern Asia (China): Saruma; b. North Temperate (disjunct in

Europe, E. Asia and N. America): Asarum.

2) Tropical pattern: c. Tropical Asia: Thottea; d. Tropical America: Holostylis, Eu-

glypha; e. Pantropic: Aristolochia.

2. The floristic analysis of species in the family shows that the region, the richest both

in genera, species and endemic species, as Takhtajan's (1969) work pointed out, is East Asia

(see Table 1); and the species in the Old World, especially in East Asia, are primitive el-

ements. Four genera and 91 species of this family occur in China, and especially more primi-

tive elements are found from the Hengduan Mountains to South China, as C. Y. Wu's (1979)

work mentioned (see Table 2).

3. The primary center of the distribution and differentiation of this family is East Asia

(especially in the region from the Hengduan Mountains to C. and S. China), since four

genera and 214 species are found in Asia, and three genera and 73 species of the family,

including the most primitive genus Saruma and the more primitive genus Asarum occur in the

region from the Hengduan Mountains to C. and S. China. The secondary center of distribu-

tion and differentiation is Tropical America, because species found there are only relatively

advanced ones. For this reason this family should be considered as a mainly tropical family

rather than a typically tropical one, though 80 percent of the total species of the family are

now distributed in the tropics.

4. The evolutionary trends in the family are: the perianth from actinomorphic to zygo-

morphic, from free to united, from cup-like to tubular; stamens from indefinite to definite,

from free to united with pistil in the gynostemium; and the fruit from follicular capsule to

capsule.

Finally the family is divided into two subfamilies, four tribes and six genera,

namely:

Subfam. 1. Asaroideae Gen. 3. Thottea Rottb.

Trib. 1. Sarumeae Schmidt Subfam. 2. Aristolochioideae

Gen. 1. Saruma Oliv. Trib. 4. Aristolochieae

Trib. 2. Asareae Gen. 4. Holostylis Duch.

Gen. 2. Asarum Linn. Gen. 5. Aristolochia Linn.

Trib. 3. Bragantieae Klotz. Gen. 6. Euglypha Chod. ＆ Hassl.

Key words: Aristolochiaceae, Geographical distribution, Center of distribution and Differentiation, Evolutionary trends, System

马金双. 马兜铃科的地理分布及其系统[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Ma Jin-Shuang. The Geographical Distribution and the System of Aristolochiaceae[J]. .

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