中国常绿栎类叶表皮毛形态与分类的研究

中国科学院大学学报

中国常绿栎类叶表皮毛形态与分类的研究

梁红平, 任宪威, 刘一樵

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1990-03-10 发布日期:1990-03-10
通讯作者: 梁红平

A Study on the Morphology of Foliar Trichomes of Evergreen Oaks (Quercus) in China and Its Implication in Taxonomy

Liang Hong-Ping, Jen Hsien-Wei, Liu Yi-Qiao

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1990-03-10 Published:1990-03-10
Contact: Liang Hong-Ping

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

经扫描电镜观察，我国常绿栎类的叶表皮共发现有10种不同类型的毛，它们分别是：单列毛、单

分枝毛、泡状毛、莲座毛、单毛、束毛、短柄束毛、多出毛、星状毛和并合星状毛。不同的分类单位有不同

毛类型的组合。所有常绿栎类的叶表皮上都出现有非腺毛类型的毛，而腺毛则仅限于某些分类单位

中。这两种基本类型的毛在结构和功能上有着本质的区别，分别代表了物种的生存适应方式和进化途

径。按叶表皮毛的基本类型将我国常绿栎类划分为腺毛类群和非腺毛类群两个类群，支持将常绿栎类

分成高山栎组(Sect．Suber(Reichenb．)Spach)和巴东栎组(Sect．Englerianae(A. Camus)Hsu et

Jen)的分组处理。综合叶表皮毛的类型、密度以及分枝特征提出了我国常绿栎类各分类单位之间的亲

缘关系图。

关键词: 栎属, 叶表皮毛

Abstract:

Most of the evergreen oaks (Quercus L.) are endemic to China and distributed in a

large moutainous area of southwestern China at an altitude of 2600-4000m. The delimitation

of sections and species in the group has not been satisfactorily solved.

The foliar trichomes are very an important character in identifying species of oaks. As a

result of observation on 17 species and 2 varieties of evergreen oaks in China under scanning

electron microscope, ten types of foliar trichomes are recognized: Simpleuniseriate, Simple-br-

anched, Bulbous, Rosulate, Solitary, Stipitate-fasciculate, Fasciculate, Multiradiate, Stellate and

Fused-stellate. The first four types fall into glandular trichomes and the last six non-glandular

trichomes. The taxa examined have a combination of various types of the trichomes. All the ev-

ergreen oaks have non-glandular trichomes on their foliar epidermis, but glandular trichomes

occur solely in certain taxa. These two types of foliar trichomes are obviously different in stru-

cture and function, which represent different adular trichomes and the last six non-glandular

en oaks are divided into two groups: the glandular group and the non-glandular group accord-

ing to the types of foliar trichomes and it is reasonable to divide the evergreen oaks into two sec-

tions: Sect. Suber (Reichenb.) Spach and Sect. Englerianae (A. Camus) Hsu et Jen.

Foliar trichomes of the evergreen oaks show a continuity in density from species predom-

inately with glandular trichomes at a high altitude to species solely with non-glandular trichom-

es at a low elevation. The characters of branching of foliar trichomes, especially the number of

branches, can imply to some extent the evolutionary position of a given evergreen species. Consi-

dering the types, density and branches of foliar trichomes combined the evolutionary relation-

ships among the evergreen oaks in China are proposed. Q. gilliana is the startpoint, from where

evolution took place in two directions: glandular and non-glandular. In the glandular direc-

tion envolved are Q. aquifolioides, Q. longispica and Q. guyavaefolia. Q. pannosa is a species

with the most types and highest number of glandular trichomes. In non-glandular line aligned

are Q. spinosa, Q. senescens, Q. senescens var. muliensis, Q. monimotricha with the reduction of

glandular trichomes and increase of non-glandular trichomes. After Q. tungmaiensis no glandu-

lar trichomes appear and it solely depends on non-glandular trichomes to protect itself. Q. gran-

chetii is the climax in the non-glandular line with the highest density and number of bran-

ches of foliar trichomes. And then some species, such as Q. engleriana, Q. phillyraeoides, have

few or no trichomes. Q. dolicholepis, Q. baronii and Q. baronii var. capitata show the close re-

lationships because they share fused-stellate trichomes.

Key words: oak, foliar trichome

梁红平, 任宪威, 刘一樵. 中国常绿栎类叶表皮毛形态与分类的研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Liang Hong-Ping, Jen Hsien-Wei, Liu Yi-Qiao. A Study on the Morphology of Foliar Trichomes of Evergreen Oaks (Quercus) in China and Its Implication in Taxonomy[J]. .

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