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三尖杉属植物叶片结构的比较观察

胡玉熹   

  1. (中国科学院植物研究所,北京)
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1984-08-18 发布日期:1984-08-18
  • 通讯作者: 胡玉熹

Comparative Anatomy of the Leaves of Cephalotaxus (Cephalotaxaceae)

Hu Yu-Shi   

  1. (Institute of Botany,  Academia Sinica,  Beijing)
  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1984-08-18 Published:1984-08-18
  • Contact: Hu Yu-Shi

摘要:

本文作者在光学显微镜与扫描电子显微镜下,比较观察了三尖杉属植物叶片构造与叶
    表面角质层的特征。
        观察结果表明,篦子三尖杉的气孔为双环型,少数为单环型, 单位面积上的气孔平均数较
    多(120.6个/mm2), 具皮下层, 叶肉中含有大量丝状石细胞和少量星状石细胞及短石细胞, 叶
    下表面角质突起不明显。而三尖杉属的其余种类,气孔均为双环型,气孔平均数较少(47.3一
    88.1个/mm2), 除日本粗榧与柱冠日本粗榧外,均无皮下层, 叶肉中具星状石细胞、短石细
    胞、纤维状石细胞或完全缺如, 叶下表面具明显的角质突起。依据上述特征以及大体形态和生
    物碱成分等有关资料,我们建议在三尖杉属中可分为:  三尖杉组(Sect.Cephalotaxus)和篦子
    三尖杉组(Sect.Pectinatae)。
    此外,本文还对三尖杉组中的分系与某些种的划分,以及三尖杉科的系统位置进行了讨论。

关键词: 三尖杉属, 叶子解剖, 石细胞, 角质突起, 系统发育

Abstract:

The internal structure and cuticular characters of the leaves of Cephalota-
xus were investigated under light microscope and scanning electron microscope.  The
materials used belong to 9 species,  2 varieties and 1 cultivar.
     The leaf characters of C. oliveri Mast. are as follows: stomata are amphicyclic
and occasionally monocyclic, the stomatal frequency is 120.6/mm2, the hypodermis is
present, there are a large number of filiform sclereids and a few brachysclereids and
astrosclereids in the mesophyll, the cuticular projections on the lower surfaces are in-
distinct.   This species differs from all the other species of Cephalotaxus,  in which
stomata are amphicyclic only, the stomatal frequency is 47.3-88.1/mm2, hypodermis
is absent except in C. harringtonia and C. harringtonia cv. ‘Fastigiata’, foliar astroscle-
reids,  hrachysclereids asd fibriform selereids may be present or entirely absent, there
are distinct cuticular projections on the lower surface. Based upon the above-mentioned
features,  the gross morphology as well as the alkaloids.  Cephalotaxus may be divided
into two sections,  namely:  Sect.  Cephalotaxus and Sect. Pectinatae.
     In addition,  also discussed are following problems: the classification of some species
in Sect. Cephalotaxus, the suggested subdivision of Sect. Cephalotaxus into 4 series,
and the systematic position of Cephalotaxaceae.

Key words: Cephalotaxus, leaf anatomy, sclereid, cuticular projection, phylogeny