稻属叶表皮结构特征及其系统学意义

中国科学院大学学报

稻属叶表皮结构特征及其系统学意义

张志耘, 卢宝荣, 温洁

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1998-01-10 发布日期:1998-01-10
通讯作者: 张志耘

The Structural Features of Leaf Epidermis in Oryza and Their Systematic Significance

ZHANG Zhi-Yun, LU Bao-Rong, WEN Jie

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1998-01-10 Published:1998-01-10
Contact: ZHANG Zhi-Yun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文对稻属Oryza L. 23种植物叶片表皮的结构特征进行了观察和研究，结果表明:叶表皮的某

些性状，如在叶片脉带之间长细胞中乳突的大小和分布以及叶表皮气孔器上小乳突的数目和着生位置

在稻属的各种之间有着一定的变异规律，这在稻属各种的分类和其系统关系的研究中有一定的价值。

综合这些性状的变异特征，按照叶片下表皮脉间长细胞中乳突的大小和分布特征以及气孔器中小乳突

的数目和着生位置可将稻属这23个物种分为3组。第一组包括长颖野稻、马来野稻、疣粒野稻和颗粒

野稻，这些种的叶表皮脉间长细胞中没有大乳突和中乳突，仅偶见极稀疏分布的小乳突，气孔器中均无

小乳突。第二组包括短药野稻、二倍体和四倍体药用野稻、小粒野稻、紧穗野稻、斑点野稻、阔叶野稻、高

株野稻、大颖野稻、根茎野稻和澳洲野稻，这些种的叶表皮脉间长细胞中通常没有大、中乳突，但密布小

乳突，且大多数种的气孔器保卫细胞的近两端各有2个小乳突。第三组包括栽培稻、一年生普通野稻、

多年生普通野稻、长雄蕊野稻、展颖野稻、南方野稻、矮舌野稻、非洲栽培稻和希来特野稻，这些种的叶

表皮脉间的长细胞中常有大乳突、中乳突和小乳突，而气孔器保卫细胞的近两端各有2个明显的小乳

突，并同时常在气孔器副卫细胞的近内缘还有2～4个小乳突。

关键词: 稻族, 稻属, 形态变异, 叶表皮, 系统学意义

Abstract:

The rice genus (Oryza L. ) belongs to the grass family(Poaceae) and contains 24

annual or perennial species, including two cultivated rice species, i.e., the Asian rice ( O.

sativa L. ) and African rice (O. glaberrima Steud. ), and 22 wild species distributed

throughout the tropics of the world. Species in this genus have been extensively studied by

scientists with different approaches, including morphological characterization and cytological

and molecular investigations. The leaf epidermis is an important morphological character

which has been studied for taxonomic identification and studies on systematic relationships of

species, particularly in grasses. In this study, morphological features of the leaf epidermis of

23 rice species were observed through light microscopy. The results showed that some char-

acters of the rice leaf epidermis had significant diversity between species and these characters

were valuable for the identifying Oryza species, and for assessing systematic relationships in

the genus. For example, O.schlechteri, O.ridleyi, O.longiglumis, O.granulata,

and O. rneyeriana had elliptic stomatal complexes, whereas the other species had rhombic

stomatal complexes. In most cases, papillae on the surface of the epidermis were variable in

size and distribution between species. The size of papillae varied from small ( 1.5～4.4µm in

diameter), medium-sized (9～18µm), to large (21～30µm) , and the pattern of papillary

size and distribution were very useful for identification of rice species. In addition, the num-

ber and location of the small papillae in stomatal complexes were particularly different be-

tween species. Based on the following combinations of leaf-epidermic characters, i.e., the

size and distribution of papillae on the abaxial surface of the epidermis, the number and loca-

tion of the small papillae in stomatal complexes, and the shape of stomatal complexes, the 23

studied Oryza species could be divided into three major groups. The first group comprises

O.longiglumis, O.ridleyi, O.meyeriana, and O.granulata. In these species, nei-

ther large nor medium-sized papillae, in some cases extremely rare small papillae, were found

on the surfaces of epidermis, and there were no small papillae found in stomatal complexes.

All species in the first group had elliptic stomatal complexes. The second group consists of

O.brachyantha, diploid and tetraploid O.officinalis, O.minuta, O.eichingeri, O.

punctata, O.latifolia, O.alta, O.grandiglumis, O.rhizomatis, and O.aus-

traliensis. In these species usually no large papillae were observed, but medium-sized and

densely populated small papillae were found to cover the surface of epidermis, and at least

four small papillae were found in stomatal complexes (in guard cells) of most species. The

third group contains O.sativa, O.nivara, O.rufipogon, O.longistaminata, O.

glumaepatula, O.meridionalis, O.barthii, O.glaberrima and O. schlechteri. The

abaxial leaf epidermis of these species was usually covered with large papillae, medium-sized,

and small papillae. In addition, more than 4 (usually 6～8 ) small papillae were found in

guard cells or/and subsidiary cells of the stomatal complexes. Most species in the second and

third groups had rhombic stomatal complexes. These results agree mostly with previous re-

ports on the biosystematic studies of rice species by applying other methodologies.

Key words: Oryzeae, Oryza, Morphological variation, Leaf epidermis, Systematic signifi-cance

张志耘, 卢宝荣, 温洁. 稻属叶表皮结构特征及其系统学意义[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

ZHANG Zhi-Yun, LU Bao-Rong, WEN Jie. The Structural Features of Leaf Epidermis in Oryza and Their Systematic Significance[J]. .

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