刺五加传粉生物学研究

中国科学院大学学报

刺五加传粉生物学研究

刘林德, 王仲礼, 田国伟, 申家恒

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1998-01-10 发布日期:1998-01-10
通讯作者: 刘林德

The Pollination Biology of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Araliaceae)

LIU Lin-De, WANG Zhong-Li, TIAN Guo-Wei, SHEN Jia-Heng

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1998-01-10 Published:1998-01-10
Contact: LIU Lin-De

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文报道刺五加Eleutherococcus seticosus(Rupr．et Maxim．)Maxim的花朵酬物、访花者类别、访花

者在花序上的访花行为、访花频率及传粉效果。主要结果如下:(1)每朵雄花可提供的报偿是58 000～

81 000粒花粉，5.5～8.0 µl／d×2～4d花蜜。每朵雌花仅可提供4.0～8.0µl／d× 2～3 d花蜜，不能提

供花粉。每朵两性花可提供19 000～54 000粒花粉和7.0～10.0 µl／d× 2～6 d花蜜。(2)花粉提供者

(雄花和两性花)提供报偿的日期是开花后1～3天，花粉接受者(雌花和两性花在柱头外翻变白时)是

开花后5～7或7～9天，这进一步证实了剌五加雄蕊先熟。另外，花粉提供者提供花蜜的时间在一天中

是8:30至15:30，其高峰是9:00～15:00；花粉接受者提供花蜜的时间在一天中是10:30至16:30，其高

峰是11:00～16:00。这种时间差异可能是刺五加影响传粉者流向(从花粉提供者到花粉接受者)的关键

因素。(3)在刺五加花朵上记录到的访花昆虫有50余种，分别隶属于膜翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目和

半翅目。在不同天气、不同生境、不同性别的植株记录到的访花频率及高峰时间不同:花粉提供者的

访花高峰早于花粉接受者的；雄株上的访花频率高于雌株的；两性株接受花粉时的访花频率高于提供花

粉时的；而天气越晴朗，刺五加地块(patch)越大，则访花频率越高；每日接受光照越早，访花高峰越早。

(4)从传粉效果看，刺五加种子的形成完全依赖于传粉昆虫的活动。其中，蜂类，如熊蜂、花蜂、切叶蜂、

胡蜂和蜜蜂等是最有效的传粉者，其它昆虫如粉蝶、食蚜蝇、寄蝇和鳃角金龟等对传粉也有帮助。

关键词: 刺五加, 传粉生物学

Abstract:

This paper reports floral rewards, flower visitors, foraging behavior and visitation

rate of flower visitors on inflorescences, and the pollination effect of Eleutherococcus sentico-

sus (Rupr. et Maxim. ) Maxim. The main results are as follows: (1) A male flower can pro-

vide 58 000～81 000 pollen grains and 5.5～8.0 μ1/d × 2～3 d of nectar, while a female

flower can provide 4.0～8.0μl/d × 2～3 d of nectar but no pollen grains. A hermaphrodite

flower can provide 19 000～54 000 pollen grains and 7.0～10.0μl/d × 2～6 d of nectar;

when it is at male phase, it can provide pollen as well as nectar, but when it is at female

phase, it can only provide nectar. (2) The male and hermaphrodite flowers, if they provide

pollen grains, are pollen donors. The female and hermaphrodite flowers with white and open

stigmas are pollen recipients. The rewarding phase of pollen donor lasts 1～3 days after

anthesis and that of pollen recipient is between 5～7 or 7～9 days after anthesis. This may con-

firm that E. senticosus is protandrous. In addition, the nectar-rewarding period of pollen

donors is from 8:30 to 16:00, and its peak is at 9:00～15:00; while that of pollen recipi-

ents is from 10:30 to 16:30, with its peak from 11:00 to 16:00. It is suggested that the

difference between the two nectar-rewarding peaks be the key factor which affects the polli-

nators' visiting direction from pollen donors to pollen recipients. (3) More than 50 species of

visiting insects were observed. Visitors most frequently seen are arranged in Hymenoptera,

Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Hemiptera-Heteroptera in order. Their visitation rate

and visitation peak are influenced by different plants of different sexes, in different habitats

and under different weather conditions. Generally, the peak of visitation to pollen donors is

earlier than that to pollen recipients; the rate of visitation to male patch is higher than that to

female patch. In the case of hermaphrodite patch, the visitation rate is higher when receiving

pollen than when supplying. In addition, the brighter the sky is or the larger the E. sentico-

sus patch is, the higher the visitation rate and peak are; the earlier the plant patch is shone

in a day, the earlier the visiting peak comes. (4) From the pollination effect, we may con-

clude that the seed set of E. senticosus totally depends on pollinators'visitation. And bees

such as Bumbus, Halictus, Megachile, Vespa, Apis are the most efficient pollinators,

while other insects, including Pieridae, Syrphidae, Tachinidae, Melolonthidae and so on,

are also helpful for the pollination success.

Key words: Eleutherococcus senticosus, Pollination biology

刘林德, 王仲礼, 田国伟, 申家恒. 刺五加传粉生物学研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

LIU Lin-De, WANG Zhong-Li, TIAN Guo-Wei, SHEN Jia-Heng. The Pollination Biology of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Araliaceae)[J]. .

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