三尖杉科的核形态学研究

中国科学院大学学报

三尖杉科的核形态学研究

顾志建, 周其兴, 岳中枢

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1998-01-10 发布日期:1998-01-10
通讯作者: 顾志建

A Karyomorphological Study of Cephalotaxaceae

GU Zhi-Jian, ZHOU Qi-Xing, YUE Zhong-Shu

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1998-01-10 Published:1998-01-10
Contact: GU Zhi-Jian

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

4种三尖杉科植物的核形态结构的研究结果如下:它们的间期核均为复杂染色中心型，分裂前期

染色体属于中间型，体细胞分裂中期染色体的核型为:(1)三尖杉Cephalotaxus fortuni Hook．F.，K2n=

24=21m+1M+2sm(2SAT)，核型不对称性属于2A型，着丝点端化值(T.C.％)为53．99；(2)高山三尖

杉C.alpina(Li)L.K.Fu，K2n=24=19m+3M+2sm(2SAT)，核型不对称性属于2A型，T.C.％值为

53.93；(3)海南粗榧(西双版纳粗榧)C.mannii Hook.f., K2n=24=22m(1SAT)+2sm(2SAT)，核型不

对称性属于2A型，T.C.％值为54.47；(4)篦子三尖杉C.oliveri Mast.，K2n＝24＝22m+2sm(2SAT)，

核型不对称性属于2B型，T.C.％值为53.53。4种三尖杉的染色体结构都是1～22号染色体为m染色

体，23和24号染色体为sm染色体并具随体，其随体较大而稳定。它们的核形态结构较为相似，从核型

参数上看似乎三尖杉和高山三尖杉的亲缘关系最近，种间的中期染色体结构也有一些细微差异。除三

尖杉C．fortunei仅有染色体数目的报道外，这4个种的核形态研究为首次报道。

关键词: 三尖杉科, 核形态学

Abstract:

The present paper has investigated the karyomorphology of 4 species in the

Cephalotaxaceae for the first time. The morphology of interphase nuclei of all these species

was found to belong to the complex chromocenter type, to be with a big dark-stained chro-

matin block which lies in one side of cells and many dark-stained chromatin particles evenly

distributed in the cells. And the somatic chromosomes at mitotic prophase of these species

belong to the interstitial type, contain many heterochromatic and euchromatic segments ar-

ranged one after another. The karyotypes of metaphase chromosomes were formulated to be

K2n=24=21m＋1M＋2sm(2SAT) for C.fortunei,K2n=24=19m＋3M＋2sm(2SAT)

for C.alpina, K2n=24=22m＋2sm(2SAT) for C.oliveri, and K2n=24=22m(1SAT)

＋2sm(2SAT) for C.mannii. The karyotype asymmetry of C.fortunei, C.alpina and

C. mannii was all of 2A type, except that of C. oliveri being 2B type. The centromeric

terminalization value (T.C. %) was 53.99% for C. fortunei, 53.93% for C. alpina,

54.47% for C. mannii and 53.53% for C. oliveri respectively. The four species in the

Cephalotaxaceae share the similar karyotype at the metaphase stage, in which No.1 to

No.22 were mchromosomes (including Mchromosomes), and No.23 to No.24 were sm

chromosomes with satellites on their short arms. As these two smchromosomes with satel

lites were stable and obvious, we consider them as chromosomes typical of the Cephalotaxac

eae. Nevertheless there also exist differences among the four species, i.e. No.22 mchromo

some of C.mannii still having a satellite on its short arm, while there were no satellites on

the short arms of the other three species. In addition, the number and location of secondary

constriction of the other three species are different from each other, but no satellites were ob

served in C. alpina because of the extreme contraction of the chromosomes. From the kary-

otypic parameters mentioned above, C. fortunei and C. alpina have the closest relation-

ship.

Key words: Cehalotaxaceae, KaryomophOlogy

顾志建, 周其兴, 岳中枢. 三尖杉科的核形态学研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

GU Zhi-Jian, ZHOU Qi-Xing, YUE Zhong-Shu. A Karyomorphological Study of Cephalotaxaceae[J]. .

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[2]	王印政,顾志建. 直瓣苣苔属、筒花苣苔属和吊石苣苔属4个种的核形态学研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1999, 37(2): 137-142.
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