滇蜀豹子花核型及其变异研究

中国科学院大学学报

滇蜀豹子花核型及其变异研究

虞泓, 黄瑞复

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1994-07-18 发布日期:1994-07-18
通讯作者: 虞泓

Studies on the Karyotype and Its Aberration of Nomocharis forrestii (Liliaceae)

Yu Hong, Huang Rui-fu

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1994-07-18 Published:1994-07-18
Contact: Yu Hong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文详细报道了滇蜀豹子花的核型，发现居群中存在两种细胞型，即A型和B型。A型参考核型为2n = 24＝2m(2SAT)+2sm+8st(4SAT)+12t(2SAT)，其第3号两条同源染色体长臂均无居间随体：B型参考核型为2n=24＝2m(2SAT)+2sm+8st(2SAT)+12t(3SAT)+0—1b，其第3号一条同源染色体长臂紧靠着丝点处有一大而明显的居间随体，而另一条同源染色体则无，构成明显的3号染色体的结构杂合性。统计表明，居群中二者的比例近似为1A；2B。研究还发现了大量的体细胞染色体结构变异核型，表明滇蜀豹子花核型尚未趋于稳定，还处于强烈分化之中，高频率的体细胞染色体结构变异是其种内分化不可忽视的一种进化要素。

关键词: 滇蜀豹子花, 核型, 结构变异, 进化

Abstract:

Nomocharis forrestii Balf. f. from Zhongdian, Yunnan, was cytologically investi-

gated in this wrok. There were two cytotypes in N. forrestii populations. The reference

karyotype of A cytotype was 2n=24=2m (2SAT) +2sm+8st (4SAT) +12t (2SAT). In

this cytotype, there was no satellite in the long arms of the 3rd pair, which was homozy-

gous. The reference karyotype of B cytotype was 2n=24 = 2m (2SAT) + 2sm+8st

(2SAT) +12t (3SAT). In B cytotype, there was an obvious satellite in the long arm of one

chromosome in the 3rd pair, but no satellite in the long arm of the other. This was heterozy-

gous. The ratio between the cytotypes was approximately lA: 2B in the population. The

karyotype in N. forrestii was similar to that in the genus Lilium, 2n=24, particularly the

chromosomal morphology of m-chromosomes or sm-chromosomes. However, the secondary

constrictions of the m-chromosomes was more obvious and greater in N. forrestii.

Numerous aberrant karyotypes in N. forrestii were found in the somatic cells. The

structural aberrations include breakage, inversion (incl. pericentric inversion), translocation

(incl. Robertsonian translocation), deletion, somatic orossing over between the homologous

chromosomes, etc. In the aberrant karyotype (1), an obvious deletion took place in one

chromosome or unequal translocation took place in one chromosome of the 1st pair, and a

fragment was added to the long arm of one chromosome as a result of translocation in the

7th pair. A dicentric chromosome was found between two chromosomes from 8th and the

12th pair, which resulted in 2n=23. In aberrant karyotype (2), translocation or deletion

took place in the 5th, 6th, 7th and 10th pair. There were 4 B-chromosomes in the aberrant

cell. In the aberrant karyotype (3), the long arm of one chromosome was found to have a

deletion in the 6th pair. A dicentric chromosome was generated between two chromosomes

from the 9th and the 10th pair, which results in 2n=23. There was one B-chromosome in

the aberrant cell. In the aberrant karyotype (4), a pericentric inversion took place in the 1st

pair, and an unequal translocation occured between the 1st and the 6th pair, which changed

the first pair from m-chromosomes into st-chromosomes. The long arm of one chromosome

carried a remarkable deletion in the 8th pair. In the aberrant karyotype (5), a Robertsonian

translocation took place between two chromosomes from the 6th and 7th pair, and a frag-

ment was added to the long arm of one chromosome as a result of the translocation in the

l2th pair. In the aberrant karyotype (6), breakage occured near or at the centromere of one

chromosome of the 1st and the 6th pair, which resulted in 2n= 26. Before the breakage, the

unequal crossing over had taken place between the homologous chromosomes in the 1st and

6th pair, and an unequal translocation was found between two chromosomes from the 1st

and 6th pair. Accoding to statistics of aberrant cells, the chromosomal aberration took place

mainly in the 1st, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th chromosomes, with rates of aberration 33-

37%. It is these chromosomes that often show polymorphism.

From above, the karyotype of N. forrestii, is under strong differentation. So the somat-

ic chromosome aberration with a high frequency is one of important factors in the intraspe-

cific differentiation in N. forrestii.

Key words: Nomocharis forestii, karyotype, structural aberration, evolution

虞泓, 黄瑞复. 滇蜀豹子花核型及其变异研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Yu Hong, Huang Rui-fu. Studies on the Karyotype and Its Aberration of Nomocharis forrestii (Liliaceae)[J]. .

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