蔷薇科原始属植物叶表皮解剖及其系统学意义

中国科学院大学学报

蔷薇科原始属植物叶表皮解剖及其系统学意义

李朝銮

(中国科学院成都生物研究所，成都)

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1989-05-10 发布日期:1989-05-10
通讯作者: 李朝銮

Studies on Foliar Epidermis in Primitive Genera of Rosaceae and Its Systematic Significance

Li Chao-Luan

(Chengdu Institute of Biology, Academia Sinica, Chengdu)

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1989-05-10 Published:1989-05-10
Contact: Li Chao-Luan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文研究了蔷薇科原始的六个属的代表种的表皮结构。发现在Lyonothamus，Exochorda，

Lindleya和Vauquelinia属中气孔分布于下表面；在最原始的Kagneckia属和与之最接近

的Quillaja属中，除个别种外，气孔在叶表两面分布。它们的气孔类型分化较复杂，有5种类

型，即无规则型(Anomocytic)、辐射型(Actinocytic)、轮列型(Cyclocytic)、平列型(Paracytic)

和四细胞型(Staurocytic)。同时还发现在Kagneckia，Quillaja，Lindleya和Exochorda 4个

属中气孔组成有多型现象，即在叶表皮中同时存在有2-3种气孔类型；在Vauquelinia属和

Lyonothamus属中主要为一种类型气孔组成；尤其是在Lyonothamus属中，气孔集生成块，其

间没有任何表皮细胞间隔，保卫细胞下陷，副卫细胞在表面联合加厚，成为坛状气孔，这在蔷薇

科中十分独特。表皮的形态结构研究证据支持了得自细胞学上的证据(Goldblatt 1976)，

由Hutchinson(1964)定义的蔷薇科原始的Trib. Quillajeae族，是一个不自然的类群。

关键词: 蔷薇科, 葵梨桠族, 叶表皮, 气孔, 系统学

Abstract:

n order to provide additional evidence of the phylogenetic relationships

between genera of Rosaceae, it is neccessary to study and analyse the characters in primitive

genera of the family. In this paper, leaf epidermis of the primitive genera of Rosaceae, inc-

luding Kagneckia, Quillaja, Vauquelinia, Lindleya, Exochorda and Lyonothamus of Trib.

Quillajeae circumscribed by Hutchinson (1964), has been anatomically studied and description

of epidermal structure is presented. Several types of stomatal apparatuses have been observed

in the genera investigated and considered as having systematic significance at generic level.

(I) On the basis of the foliar epidermal characters, the following key to the genera is

presented:

1. Stomatal apparatuses polytypic, of 2-3 types

2. Polytypic stomatal apparatuses incruding 3 types, anomocytic, actinocytic and staurocytic.

3. Polytypic stomatal apparatuses only of 2 types, anomocytic and actinocytic, with the

former dominant and surrounding the latter ...... 1. Kagneckia Ruiz & Pav.

3. Polytypic stomatal apparatuses of 3 types, anomocytic, actinocytic and staurocytic

4. Stomatal apparatuses sparse, with anomocytic and actinocytic ones dominant. .......

..................................................................... 3. Exochorda Lindl.

4. Stomatal apparatuses dense, with staurocytic type dominant. .........................

........................................................... 4. Lindleya H. B. & K. Nov.

2. Polytypic stomatal apparatuses of 2 types, paracytic and cyclocytic, subsidiary cells

narrow and distinguishable from other epidermal cells. ................ 2. Quillaja Molina

1. Stomatal apparatus monotypic, almost only actinocytic.

5. Guard cells surrounded radically by 7-9 subsidiary cells equal in diam. .......

....................................... 5. Vauquelinia Gorrea ex Humb & Bongl.

5. Guard cells sunkes, 19.76-30.70μm deep, adaxiaL wall of elongated subsidiary cells

so united transversely and thickened that the whole stomatal apparatus pot-like, stomatal ap-

paratuses aggregated in a mass and having no any ordinary epidermal cells among them...

........................................................................... 6. Lyonothamus A. Gray

(II) In the most primitive extant genus, Kagneckia, the stomatal apparatuses are ma-

inly the most primitive anomocytic, but also actinocytic.

(III) In another primitive genus, Quillaja, only second to and most related to the genus

Kagneckia, there are both paracytic and cyclocytic types of stomatal apparatuses, some subsi-

diary cells of which are partly overlapped by the guard cells so that they appear very narrow

in surface view. Based on the study of the most primitive genus, Kagneckia, and the second

primitive genus, Quillaja, it seems that the paracytic type of stomatal apparatus may be de-

rived from the anomocytic one in Rosaceae.

(IV) The stomatal apparatus, in the genus Vauquelinia are actinocytic and undoubtedly

derived from that in the more primitive rosoids.

(V) The pot-like stomatal apparatuses in the genus Lyonothamus are very unique and_

apparently more specialized. Morphologivally, in the genus, there are opposite, fern-like lea-

ves and the pistil consists of only 2. carpels It may be a very isolated relict along the coast of

California in N. America.

(VI) In the genus Exochorda, although anomocytic and actinocytic stomatal apparatuses

are dominant, staurocytic type also occurs. Morphologically, the genus is more advanced than

Kagneckia and Quillaja. In the genus Lindleya, there are also anomocytic and actinocytic types

of stomatal, apparatuses, though staurocytic type is dominant. The genus Lindleya is also

morphologically more advanced than the most primitive genera of Rosaceae mentioned above.

The studies support the inferrence from cytology (Goldblatt 1976) that the tribe Quilla-

jeae in Rosaceae is an unnatural alliance.

Acknowledgement The author wishes to express his thanks to Dr. Stevens, who was

the supervisor of the Harvard University Herbaria, for allowing me to collect the materials

investigated during my stay in the herbaria from 1982 to 1984.

李朝銮. 蔷薇科原始属植物叶表皮解剖及其系统学意义[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Li Chao-Luan. Studies on Foliar Epidermis in Primitive Genera of Rosaceae and Its Systematic Significance[J]. .

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