刺五加开花后雌蕊的发育状态与受精作用

中国科学院大学学报

刺五加开花后雌蕊的发育状态与受精作用

刘林德, 王仲礼, 田国伟, 申家恒

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1998-03-10 发布日期:1998-03-10
通讯作者: 刘林德

The Development of Gynoecium after Anthesis and Fertilization in Eleutherococcus senticosus (Araliaceae)

LIU Lin-De, WANG Zhong-Li, TIAN Guo-Wei, SHEN Jia-Heng

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1998-03-10 Published:1998-03-10
Contact: LIU Lin-De

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

刺五加Eleutherococcus senticosus(Rupr． et Maxim．)Maxim．植株在开花后雌配子体的发育状态与

一般植物不同在于:雌配子体在开花当天均末成熟，在开花后经4-5天才发育成熟。开花第6天，雌株

和两性株的成熟胚囊百分率各为82．25％和67．25％，其余为未育、败育、退化或未成熟胚囊，未观察到

已受精的胚囊；而此时，雄株的雌配子体退化、花朵全部脱落。伴随着胚囊的分化，刺五加雌株和两性株

的花柱逐渐延长，蜜腺渐趋成熟。开花后4～6天，乳突细胞发育，柱头开始外翻；此后，蜜腺分泌花蜜，

柱头进入可授期。开花第7天，胚囊开始受精。开花后9～10天，雌株已受精的胚囊占胚囊总数的40～

65％，两性株已受精的胚囊占胚囊总数的25～41％。刺五加花粉萌发至雌雄性核融合的间隔期约为2

～3天。刺五加的双受精过程与一般被子植物基本相同。其受精作用属于有丝分裂前配子融合类型。

此外，还观察了成熟胚囊退化的类型，观察到多余花粉管进入胚囊以及两个精子与卵受精、两个精子与

次生核融合的图象。

关键词: 刺五加, 雌蕊发育状态, 成熟胚囊, 受精作用, 多精受精

Abstract:

The development status of gynoecia in Eleutherococcus senticosus flowers is differ-

ent from that in ordinary plants. Female gametophytes of E. senticosus have not become

mature until the 6th day after anthesis. On the 6th day, 82.25% of embryo sacs in female

plants, and 67.25％ of those in hermaphroditic plants become mature, while the rest are

sterile, immature or degenerated with no fertilized embryo sacs observed. At the same time,

all embryo sacs degenerated and flowers withered in male plants. On the 7th day, a few em-

bryo sacs in female and hermaphroditic plants start being fertilized. Accompanying the differ-

entiation of embryo sacs, styles of female and hermaphroditic flowers start to expand and

their nectaries become mature gradually. After the 4th or 6th day of anthesis, stigmatic

papillae become conspicious and stigmata become white and open. In the meantime, the stig-

mata become receptive and the nectaries get active or reactive. By the 9th or 10th day, 40～

65 ％ of embryo sacs in female plants and 25～41% of those in hermaphroditic plants have

been fertilized. The whole process of fertilization in E. senticosus was observed. About 2 or

3 days after pollination, the two sperm nuclei start to fuse with the egg and the secondary

nucleus. The fertilization of E. senticosus belongs to the premitotic type of syngamy. The

essential process of the fusion of male and female nuclei during syngamy may be generalized

as follows: (1) the contacting of male nucleus with the female one; (2) the fusion of nuclear

membranes between the male and female nuclei; (3) the despiralization of male spireme and

the appearance of male nucleolus inside the fertilized female nucleus; (4) the dispersion of

male chromatin and the mergence with the female chromatin, which is the sign of completion

of the fusion of the two nuclei. In addition, degeneration types of mature embryo sacs were

observed. And typical polyspermy and a series of cases in which extra sperms enter the em-

bryo sac are recorded.

Key words: Eleutherococcus senticosus, Gynoecium development status, Mature embryo

刘林德, 王仲礼, 田国伟, 申家恒. 刺五加开花后雌蕊的发育状态与受精作用[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

LIU Lin-De, WANG Zhong-Li, TIAN Guo-Wei, SHEN Jia-Heng. The Development of Gynoecium after Anthesis and Fertilization in Eleutherococcus senticosus (Araliaceae)[J]. .

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