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睡莲科叶比较解剖

陈维培, 张四美   

  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1992-09-10 发布日期:1992-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 陈维培

Comparative Leaf Anatomy of Nymphaeaceae (s. l.)

Chen Wei-Pei, Zhang Si-Mei   

  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1992-09-10 Published:1992-09-10
  • Contact: Chen Wei-Pei

摘要:

 本文报道了睡莲科6个种比较解剖学的研究结果。莼菜的叶柄具一对维管束,其它5个种为
有限的、星散排列维管束,它们与单子叶植物相似;叶柄基本组织中除萍蓬草无气道外,其它种均有。叶为两面叶页,毛茛型气孔局限分布于叶腹面,但莲叶背面亦发育有少量气孔。莲的气孔在发育时属单唇型,成熟时则呈毛茛型。排水器、厚壁异细胞只见于莲。腺毛及吸水器除莲外,供研究的其它种在叶背面均存在。除莼菜及莲外,其它种都有星状石细胞。
    根据本文的观察结果,我们认为莼菜属是睡莲科中较简化的属,它和Cabomba属有密切的亲缘关系,它们可独立成莼菜科(Cabombaceae),包括于睡莲目内。睡莲属、  萍蓬草属、芡属和王莲属(Victoria)彼此亲缘关系密切,可留于睡莲科。莲属具独特的形态,与睡莲科的其它属亲缘关系不甚密切,因此,不但可分立为莲科,而且可独立成莲目。

关键词: 睡莲科, 叶, 比较解剖

Abstract:

Leaf anatomy of six genera was investigated. The petiole of Brasenia
schreberi possesses a pair of bundles, the other five possess closed, scattered
vascular bundles, resembling those of the Monocotyledons. True vessels are ab-
sent. Air passages are present in the ground tissue of the petiole except for Nuphar
pumilum. Leaves are all dorsiventral. Stomatal apparatuses of the Ranunculaceous
type are generally confined to the upper surface of the  lamina,  but  fewer
stomata are found on the lower surface of the lamina of Nelumbo nucifera. The
stomatal apparatuses of Nelumbo nucifera are of the Haplocheilic type in develop-
ment,  but  of  the Ranunculaceous  type  at  maturity.  Hydathodes  and
sclerenchymatous idioblasts are present only in Nelumbo nucifera. Glandular hairs
and hydropotens occur on the lower surface of the lamina in all the investigated
species except Nelumbo nucifera. Astrosclereids are present in all the taxa except
Brasenia schreberi and Nelumbo nucifera. According to observations we consider
that the genus Brasenia is a primitive one in Nymphaeaceae and it has a close
phylogenetic relationship with Cabomba. They may be treated as an independent
family,  Cabombaceae,  which is better included  in  the  order Nymphaeales.
Nymphaea, Nuphar, Euryale and Victoria are closely related to one another and
should be retained in the family Nymphaeaceae. Nelumbo shows, specialized fea-
tures distinct from those of the rest of the Nymphaeaceae. It should be segregated
not only as a distinct family but also as a distinct order, Nelumboales.

Key words: Nymphaeaceae, Leaf, Comparative anatomy