木材构造特征在裸子植物系统学中的意义

中国科学院大学学报

木材构造特征在裸子植物系统学中的意义

周崟, 姜笑梅

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1992-09-10 发布日期:1992-09-10
通讯作者: 周崟

Characteristics of Wood Structure in Gymnosperms and Their systematic Significance

Zhou Yin, Jiang Xiao-Mei

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1992-09-10 Published:1992-09-10
Contact: Zhou Yin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文根据木材构造特征的进化趋势对裸子植物，特别是松杉纲内各目、科的系统位置和等级

进行了探讨。笔者认为：1．南洋杉科可从松杉目中独立出来成立南洋杉目。2．银杏更近于松杉目而与苏铁科有明显区别。3．罗汉松科、三尖杉科和红豆杉科应置于南洋杉科之后，松科之前，三尖杉科与红豆杉科亲缘关系更接近。4．建立金松科是合理的。5．为侧柏从崖柏属中分出成立侧柏属补充了木材方面的证据。6．进一步探讨了松科中一些属的系统位置，并建议松属可区分为三个亚属。7．穗花杉属置于红豆杉科中更为合适。 8. 同意郑万钧在铁杉属内建立长苞铁杉组。合并黄山松和台湾松。

关键词: 木材构造, 植物分类学, 系统发育, 裸子植物, 松杉纲, 南洋杉目, 金松科

Abstract:

The systematic positions and taxonomic ranks of orders and families

in Gymnosperms, especially those in Coniferopsida, are analysed and discussed in

this paper based on the evolutionary trends in the wood structure. The opinions

of the present authors are as follow:

1. The separation of the Araucariaceae from the Coniferae and establishment

of the Araucariales are reasonable,because the intertracheid pitting in the wood is

the Araucarioid type and there are no pits on both horizontal and end walls of

ray parenchyma cells in the family.

2. The position of the genus Ginkgo in Cheng’s system is acceptable. Ginkgo

is more similar to Coniferae than to Cycadaceae in the wood structure.

3. According to the characteristics of wood structure, arrangement of the

Podocarpaceae, Cephalotaxaceae and Taxaceae between the Araucariaceae and the

Pinaceae is reasonable. Among these families, the Cephalotaxaceae and Taxaceae

are more closely related to each other in the view of the spiral thickenings which

often appear on the inner wall of wood tracheids.

4. Further evidence for the establishment of the Sciadopitysaceae is provided.

For example, most of cross-field pits in the wood of the Sciadopitysaceae are win-

dow like, while some of them are of the Lemon type or the Subtaxodioid type;

bordered pits are of the Araucaria B type.

5. The characteristics of wood structure in the genus Platycladus differ greatly

from Thuja. The former has cross field pits of the Cupressoid type, bordered pits

of Araucaria B type and warty layer on the inner surface of tracheids. All of

these characteristics have added further evidence for the separation of Platycladus

from Thuja.

6. Based on the structural characteristics of woody rays in the Pinaceae, the

most primitive genera are Abies, Keteleeria and Pseudolarix, while more advanced

ones are Cedrus and Tsuga, and even more advanced ones are Pseudotsuga,

Cathaya, Picea and Larix, all of which share normal resin canals. The most ad-

vanced genus is Pinus which is also of normal resin canals. Pinus can be divided

into three subgenera, Haploxylon, Parry and Diploxylon, according to the presence

or absence of dentation and warty layer in wood tracheids.

7. It is reasonable to place the genus Amentotaxus in the Taxaceae, because

membrane of bordered pits in the genus is similar to that in the other four genera

of the Taxaceae, both of the Araucaria type.

8. The present authors agree with Cheng’s (1978) treatment of Sect. Heopeuce

in Tsuga, based on the fact that Tsuga longibracteata has traumatic resin canals

and warty layer.

Reducing Pinus hwangshanensis into P. taiwanensis, made by Cheng, is reason-

able because of the similarities between P. hwangshanensis and P. taiwanensis in

the wood structure.

The establishment of a new subgenus, Patty, for Pinus bungeana is suitable

based on chemotaxonomy, morphology and the distinct warty layer on the inner

surface of wood tracheids.

Key words: Wood structure, Phytotaxonomy, Phylogeny, Gymnosperms, Coniferopsida, Araucariales, Sciadopitysaceae.

周崟, 姜笑梅. 木材构造特征在裸子植物系统学中的意义[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Zhou Yin, Jiang Xiao-Mei. Characteristics of Wood Structure in Gymnosperms and Their systematic Significance[J]. .

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