濒危植物木根麦冬的胚胎学研究

中国科学院大学学报

濒危植物木根麦冬的胚胎学研究

何田华,饶广远,尤瑞麟,张大明

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1998-07-10 发布日期:1998-07-10
通讯作者: 何田华

Embryological Studies on Endangered Ophiopogon xylorrhizus (Liliaceae)

HE Tian-Hua, RAO Guang-Yuan, YOU Rui-Lin, ZHANG Da-Ming

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1998-07-10 Published:1998-07-10
Contact: HE Tian-Hua

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

木根麦冬的花药壁分为4层，即:表皮、药室内壁、中层与绒毡层。绒毡层为腺质型。大孢子母细

胞减数分裂过程中的胞质分裂为连续型。小孢子四分体排列为左右对称型与四面体型。雌蕊子房壁在

授粉后4～5天破裂。胚珠倒生，双珠被，厚珠心。大孢子四分体线形排列，胚囊发育为蓼型。极核在受

精前融合成一个大的次生核。胚胎发育为紫菀型。核型胚乳。木根麦冬居群中存在雄性不育植株，约

占55．8％。胚胎在其发育早期约有43．3％败育。根据本研究的实验观察，(1)雄性不育和自花授粉以

及低效率的传粉机制而导致的异花传粉的失败；(2)部分胚胎的败育；(3)子房壁破裂而导致胚珠裸露

等是木根麦冬有性生殖过程中的薄弱环节，也可能是导致该植物濒危的部分因素。

关键词: 木根麦冬, 配子体发育, 受精过程, 胚胎发育, 濒危植物

Abstract:

The embryological studies on an endangered species Ophiopogon xylorrhizus are

reported in this paper. The anther was four-sporangiate, and its wall was composed of four

layers: epidermis, fibrous endothelium, middle layer and glandular tapetum. Cytokinesis of

microspore mother cell in meiosis was of the Successive type, and tetrads were tetrahedral or

isobilateral. The mature pollen grains were 2-celled. Ovules were anatropous, bitegminous,

and crassinucellate. Ovary wall ruptured 4～5 days after fertilization. The development of

embryo sacs conformed to the Polygonum type. The two polar nuclei fused into a secondary

nucleus before fertilization. The embryogeny was of the Asterad type, and endosperm devel-

opment corresponded to the Nuclear type. About 55.8 % individuals in the population of O.

xylorrhizus were found male sterile, and 43.3% of embryos aborted at early development

stage. As a conclusion, we consider that (1)the failure of the xenogamy resulted from male

sterility, autogamy and inefficient pollination agents, (2)embryo abortion and (3)exposure

of young seeds during their early development are the weak links in the sexual reproduction

of O. xylorrhizus, which would contribute to the endangerment of this species.

Key words: Ophiopogon xylorrhizus, Gametophytic development, Fertilization, EmbryoDevelopment, Endangered Plant

何田华,饶广远,尤瑞麟,张大明. 濒危植物木根麦冬的胚胎学研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

HE Tian-Hua, RAO Guang-Yuan, YOU Rui-Lin, ZHANG Da-Ming. Embryological Studies on Endangered Ophiopogon xylorrhizus (Liliaceae)[J]. .

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