刺五加胚和胚乳发育的研究

中国科学院大学学报

刺五加胚和胚乳发育的研究

刘林德,王仲礼,田国伟,申家恒

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1998-07-10 发布日期:1998-07-10
通讯作者: 刘林德

The Development of Embryo and Endosperm in Eleutherococcus senticosus (Araliaceae)

LIU Lin-De, WANG Zhong-Li, TIAN Guo-Wei, SHEN Jia-Heng

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1998-07-10 Published:1998-07-10
Contact: LIU Lin-De

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

刺五加Eleutherococcus senticosus(Rupr .et Maxim．)Maxim的胚胎发生类型为茄型。其卵细胞受

精后，合子经历15天左右的休眠期才进行第一次分裂。合子分裂通常发生在胚乳细胞化之后，经棒形胚、球形胚、至果实成熟时发育到心形胚。棒形胚后期至心形胚初期，胚柄最为发达。刺五加的胚乳发育类型为核型。其初生胚乳核的休眠期为1天左右。当胚乳游离核数目增加到200至300时，胚乳以自由生长细胞壁的方式细胞化，胚乳细胞以典型的有丝分裂方式进一步增殖，增加细胞数目。球形胚时期，胚乳细胞内开始贮藏营养物质。少数种子的胚乳里存在巨大细胞核的异型胚乳细胞。在胚乳游离核为32至64个时，分化出珠被绒毡层；球形胚时期，珠被绒毡层解体。珠被绒毡层解体后，胚乳表层细胞分化为分泌层。球形胚至心形胚阶段，约有5％的种子里，胚与胚乳组织发生弥散样降解。成熟果实中，含有大量的瘪粒种子和虫咬种子；饱满种子率为40％左右。饱满种子中，胚乳组织占据种子体积的绝大部分，胚所占比率很小。讨论了不同发育时期胚和胚乳的营养供应。

关键词: 刺五加, 胚, 胚乳, 胚和胚乳发育, 珠被绒毡层, 贮藏物质, 营养供应

Abstract:

The embryo development of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim. )Max-

im. was of the Solanad type. The fertilized egg usually underwent a rest period of 15 days

before embarking on its first division. And the first division of the zygote took place after the

cellularization of endosperm free nuclei. After the club- shaped and the globular embryo period, the heart-shaped embryo developed when the fruit became ripe. From the late clubshaped to early heart-shaped embryo stage, the suspensor grew to its maximum length. The　endosperm development of Eleutherococcus senticosus was of the Nuclear type. The rest period of primary endosperm nucleus was about 1 day long. When the number of endosperm free　nuclei reached 200～300, the endosperm cellularized through free-growing-wall formation.　The endosperm cells divided by typical mitosis and got filled with reserve food. But in a small　number of seeds, there were some huge endosperm cells with a huge nucleus. The endothelium differentiated from the inner epidermis of integument when the number of endosperm free

nuclei had increased to 32～64, and disintegrated when the embryo developed into the globu-

lar stage. After the disintegration of endothelium, the epidermal cells of endosperm differen-

tiated into a secretory layer. From the globular embryo to heart-shaped embryo stage, disin-

tegration of embryo and endosperm occurred in about 5 % seeds. In the mature fruits, there

were a large amount of shrivelled and insect-bitten seeds, and the pulmp seeds made up about

40% of the total. The pulmp seeds were mainly occupied by the endosperm, with a very

small embryo. The nutrients of the embryo and endosperm at different stages of development

are also discussed.

Key words: Eleutherococcus senticosus, Embryo, Endosperm, Embryo development, En-dosperm development, Endothelium, Reserve food, Nutrients

刘林德,王仲礼,田国伟,申家恒. 刺五加胚和胚乳发育的研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

LIU Lin-De, WANG Zhong-Li, TIAN Guo-Wei, SHEN Jia-Heng. The Development of Embryo and Endosperm in Eleutherococcus senticosus (Araliaceae)[J]. .

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