桦木科植物叶表皮的研究

中国科学院大学学报

桦木科植物叶表皮的研究

陈之端, 张志耘

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1991-03-10 发布日期:1991-03-10
通讯作者: 陈之端

A Study on Foliar Epidermis in Betulaceae

Chen Zhi-Duan, Zhang Zhi-Yun

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1991-03-10 Published:1991-03-10
Contact: Chen Zhi-Duan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文利用光学显微镜及扫描电镜观察了桦木科6属、38种植物的叶表皮。发现该科植物成熟叶片的气孔器有四种类型：即无规型、轮列型、不典型辐射型和短平列型，叶表皮性状及性状状态对于桦木科植物属的确定和族的划分具有重要的分类学价值。

在确定叶表皮性状的演化趋势时，综合了其他方面的研究成果(如Abbe，1935，1974；Brunner和Fairbrothers，1979；Hall，1952；Kikuzava，1982；Kuprianova，1963)，并且发现叶表皮形态对于揭示桦木科植物的属间演化有较大的参考价值。作者认为：叶表皮特征支持将桦木科分成两个族；气孔器无规则型、气孔器外拱盖单层、气孔器在保卫细胞极区无”T”型加厚以及下表皮细胞垂周壁平直为原始的叶表面性状；下表皮细胞垂周壁具波纹和气孔器为不典型辐射型等特征仅发现于榛属、虎榛子属，铁木属和鹅耳枥属，从而将榛族与桦木族分开；桦木族包括桦木属和桤木属，由于具有较多的原始性状而比榛族原始，在榛族中，鹅耳枥属最为特化(见图1)。

关键词: 桦木科, 气孔器, 叶表皮特征

Abstract:

Light and scanning electron microscopes were used to examine foliar epidermal

features such as the shape of epidermal cells, the type of stomatal apparatus and outer

stomatal rim in 38 species of 6 genera of the Betulaceae. Four types of stomatal apparatus on

mature leaves are recognized in this survey: anomocytic, cyclocytic, non-typical actinocytic

and brachyparacytic. The foliar epidermal characters and character states are taxonomically

useful for the identification of genera and the division of tribes.

The generalized evolutionary scheme for foliar epidermal features is fairly closely corre-

lated with the generic relationships proposed in other studies (Abbe, 1935, 1974; Brunner &

Fairbrothers, 1979; Hall, 1952; Kikuzava, 1982; Kuprianova, 1963)and it is clear that foliar

epidermal morphology can be an important taxonomic character added to others for deter-

mining evolutionary relationships. The explanations of generic relationships are based on

our hypothesis that anomocytic stomatal apparatus, uni-layered outer stomatal rim, having

not T-pieces at the polar region of guard cells and straight anticlinal wall of lower epidermal

cell are from the ancestor (Fig. 1). Sinuolate or sinuate anticlinal wall of lower epidermal

cells and non-typical actinocytic stomatal apparatus, present in Corylus, Ostryopsis, Ostrya

and Carpinus of the Betulaceae, correlates with the separation of Coryleae from

Betuleae. Betuleae including Alnus and Betula is considered primitive with more primitive

characters. Of Coryleae, Carpinus might be the most advanced, with brachyparacytic

stomatal apparatus and double-layered outer stomatal rim.

Key words: Betulaceae, stomatal apparatus, Foliar surface features

陈之端, 张志耘. 桦木科植物叶表皮的研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Chen Zhi-Duan, Zhang Zhi-Yun. A Study on Foliar Epidermis in Betulaceae[J]. .

[1]	陈之端. 桦木科植物的系统发育和地理分布(待续)[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1994, 32(1): 1-31.
[2]	陈之端. 桦木科植物的花粉形态研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1991, 29(6): 494-503.
[3]	马黎明, 洪德元. 铃兰族(广义)花粉形态与叶表皮特征的研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1990, 28(3): 228-236.
[4]	潘开玉, 路安民, 温洁. 金缕梅科(广义)的叶表皮特征[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1990, 28(1): 10-26.