南京两种半夏群体水平变异式样的比较

中国科学院大学学报

南京两种半夏群体水平变异式样的比较

顾德兴, 徐炳声

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1991-09-10 发布日期:1991-09-10
通讯作者: 顾德兴

A Comparison of the Variation Patterns of Populations Between Two Species of Pinellia from Nanjing

Gu De-Xing, Hsu Ping-Sheng

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1991-09-10 Published:1991-09-10
Contact: Gu De-Xing

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南京东郊灵谷寺山坡有一种半夏属Pinellia植物，它外观上与半夏P.ternata相似，但无珠芽；在形态上则更近似鹞落坪半夏P.yaoluopingensis，但缺少子块茎。本文以两个半夏群体和一个鹞落坪半夏(暂名)群体为对象，从生境的调查、形态性状的测量、花粉粒电镜扫描和显微观察以及染色体的计数人手，对两种半夏的变异式样进行比较。结果表明鹞落坪半夏群体与半夏群体的区别在于：(1)营养器官绝无珠芽，佛焰苞檐部边缘决非紫红色，雄花序长度比半夏短，雌花序和附属器长度均比半夏长；(2)花粉粒比半夏小，虽都呈圆球形，但小刺状纹饰较稀疏；(3)染色体2n=26，与半夏群体2n=72不同；(4)半夏具有一定杂草特性，在不同程度人为干扰的环境中能很好地生长和开花。鹞落坪半夏则常见于落叶阔叶林下层未受人为干扰的环境中。

关键词: 半夏属, 变异式样, 群体, 南京

Abstract:

Pinellia ternata (Thunb.)Breit. (Araceae)is a perennial herb widely distributed in

East Asia. It is common in the suburbs of Nanjing. Recently, another species of the same ge-

nus has been found in a Nanjing suburb. It resembles P. ternata in general appearance, but

never possesses terrestrial bulbils which are characteristic of that species. Morphologically, it

is more similar to P. yaoluopingensis X. M. Guo et X. L. Liu, a new species recently found in

Anhui, than to P. ternata.

The present paper deals with a comparative study of the variation pattern of two

entities at the population level in order to elucidate their biological relationships. The follow-

ing research work was carried out: (1)field investigation of the population sites; (2)mass

sampling of natural populations for quantitative analysis, two populations (Population I &

II) for P. ternata and one (Population III) for P.yaoluopingensis, aff.; (3) SEM observation

of pollen grains; (4)examination of somatic chromosome numbers.

As a result of the above observations, it was found that:

I. Measurements of the quantitative morphological characters (Table 1 & 2) show that

Population III differs remarkably from Populations I & II, but matches the original descrip-

tion of P.yaoluopingensis except for its lacking of small tubers. SEM micrographs of pollen

grains (Plate 1 )show that Populations I & II are very similar to each other, but different from

Population III both in morphology and in size. The overall morphological relationships

among these three populations are shown in Fig. 2.

II. The habitats of Populations I & II, though rather different in moisture and light con-

ditions, are similar with respect to human disturbance, and quite different from that of Popu-

lation III. Pinellia ternata shows some weedy characteristics. It occurs in hedgegrows and

shady man-made groves. The vigorous vegetative reproduction by terrestrial bulbils pro-

ducing clones of P.ternata has evidently anabled the plant become successfully adapted to its

varied environments.

III. Cytological investigation shows that both somatic chromosome numbers of

Populations I & II (P.ternata) are 2n = 72 (Plate 2-1 & 2), inconsistent with all previous

records (2n=28, 115, 116, 128). It appears to be an aneupolyploid. The chromosome

number of Population III (P.yaoluopingensis, aff.)is 2n=26 (Plate 2-3). It is probably a

diploid.

Two problems deserve further study: (a) Is Population III identical with Pinellia ya-

oloupingensis or a new variation form of that species? (b) Has P. ternata originated

from the outbreeding P. yaoloupingensis?

Key words: Pinellia, Variation Pattern, Population, Nanjiang

顾德兴, 徐炳声. 南京两种半夏群体水平变异式样的比较[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Gu De-Xing, Hsu Ping-Sheng. A Comparison of the Variation Patterns of Populations Between Two Species of Pinellia from Nanjing[J]. .

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