收稿日期: 2001-09-25
修回日期: 2002-01-28
网络出版日期: 2002-03-18
Bio-Cultural Diversity and Development of Western China
Received date: 2001-09-25
Revised date: 2002-01-28
Online published: 2002-03-18
中国是世界上生物多样性资源丰富的国家之一。作为全球性生物 巨大多样性"国家,中国具有多种多样的生态系统、植被类型、物种和遗传多样性。中国的植物尤其丰富,30,000种高等植物产于中国,其中乔、灌木 7,500种;中国的动物区系同样丰富。据统计已发现有6,347种脊椎动物(包括 1,24 4种鸟类和3,862种鱼类),特有植物物种多达 17,300种;特有脊椎动物 667种;中国西部 12个省、市、自治区,包括甘肃、贵州、陕西、四川、青海、云南6省,广西壮族自治区、内蒙古自治区、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔族自治区和西藏自治区等 5个自治区以及重庆市。土地面积 698万km2,约占国土总面积的70 %;有全国 75 %的植物物种数和动物物种数。中国西部省区人口总数为405亿,其中少数民族人口占相当比重。多民族文化状态造就了中国西部省区成为独特的生物 文化多样性地区;另一方面,中国西部省区面临农村贫困、自然资源与环境的退化和少数民族依然处于边缘状态的现实。本文讨论了中国西部省区的生物与文化多样性及其在经济发展方面的潜力。急需保护该地区的自然和文化,以达到可持续发展的目的。
裴盛基 . 生物文化多样性与西部大开发(英)[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2002 , 19(2) : 107 -115 . DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2002.2.002
China is one of the countries possessing the richest biodiversity resources in the world. As a mega-diversity country within global biodiversity, China has varied ecosystems, vegetation, species and rich genetic diversity. China's plant life is enormously rich, some 30,000 plant species are native to China, among them 7,500 are indigenous species of trees and shrubs, and China's fauna is also enormously rich. Statistics show that there are 6,347 species of vertebrates (including 1,244 species of birds and 3,862 species of fishe) found in China. The endemic plant species are as many as 17,300; endemic vertebrates are 667 species; Western China consists of six provincs being Gansu, Guizhou, Shanxi, Sichuan, Qinghai, and Yunnan, and five Autonomous Regions being Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Inner-Mongolian Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Ugur Autonomous Region and Xizang Autonomous Region and Chongqing Municipality, covers a land area of 6.98 million km~2, comprising approximately 70% of China's total landmass and more than 75% of the plant and animal species. The population of the area is approximately 405 million, many of which are ethnic minorities. The multicultural status of human population and cultural diversity make Western China a unique area of bio-cultural diversity in China. On theother hand, Western China faces rural poverty, degradation of natural resources and environment, and the marginalization of etnic minority people. This paper discusses bio-cultural diversity in Western China and its potential contribution to economic development and the urgent need for conservation of nature and culture in the area in order to sustain development and environment in the country.
Key words： Western China; biodiversity; cultural diversityeconomic; development; conservation
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