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A revision of some genera and species of Chinese bamboos

Chao Chi-Son, Chu Cheng-De, Hsiung Wen-Yue   

  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1980-02-18 Published:1980-02-18
  • Contact: Chao Chi-Son

Abstract:

 The bamboos of China have been studied by some botanists both at home and abroad,
who paid rather less attention to a thoroughly systematic study than to describing new  species
or new genera. In the course of our study, we found, some taxinomical mistakes  that  have
thrown the classification of bamboos into a great confusion. A species, for example, placed in
a wrong genus, or a genus contained some taxonomically divergent species which in fact belong
to different genera.
      This paper is a revision of the bamboo classification including some genera and species
which occur in China and have been mistreated taxonomically.
      Based on comparative morphology, we first propose to unite Yushania Keng f. with Sina-
rundinaria Nakai. According to Keng f.  (1957),  a sympodial rhizome with  diageotropical
growth and scattered culms is a main feature distinguishing Yushania  from Sinarundinaria, a
treatment which was supported and cited subsequently by W. L. Li (1963) and F.  A.
McClure (1957, 1973) in their studies. In fact,the rhizome of the genus Sinarundinaria has
never been critically studied in detail. Nakai (1935) described it as a monopodial  type from
carelessness, while most botanists asserted it to be an amphipodial one. We have carefully  exa-
mined numerous specimens of the type species of Sinarundinaria Nakai (i. e. S. nitida (Mitf.)
Nakai) collected from Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu provinces where it occurs naturally, and disco-
vered that its rhizome is a sympodial type with diageotropical growth, too, identical  with that
of the superfluous Yushania Keng f. Thus, Yushania must be united with Sinarundinaria.
      In E. Asia, alpine bamboos with sympodial rhizomes, scattered culms and short infloresce-
 nces enclosed in spathes have been separately placed in such genera as Arundinaria  Michaux
(Hackel, 1887; Gamble,  1893),  Thamnocalamus Munro  (Munro,  1868; E.  G.  Camus,
 1913), Fargesia Franch. (Franchet, 1893; E. G.  Camus  1913;  Nakai,  1925; Keng and
 Keng f. 1957, 1959) and Sinarundinaria Nakai (Keng and Keng f. 1957, 1959).  After a
careful examination of the specimens from various regions we are sure that they belong to a
natural group with common characters of the genus Thamnocalamus Munro. Consequently Far-
gesia Franch. should be combined with Thamnocalamus Munro.
      We also examined some of the type specimens and original descriptions of 9 species of
Semiarundinaria collected from S. China and described in  1940  by McClure.  A conclusion
reached  is that all these species are not true Semiarundinaria Makino ex Nakai; most of them
should be transferred to Arundinaria Michaux, the rest to Sinobambusa Makino ex Nakai, and
other genera.
      We also agree with the view of some botanists that the genus Sasamorpha  Nakai  should
be combined with the genus Sasa Makino et Shibata.
      In addition, we have emended and recircumscribed the concepts of some genera,  such as
Indocalamus and Sinarundinaria which are confused by Nakai himself, and make them more
natural. We have also disclaimed 5 specific binomials, transferred  7  species,  and described 7 new species which belong to 5 genera separately.

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