Systematics and Evolution of Subfam. Panicoideae (Gramineae)

Abstract

Abstract:

Subfam. Panicoideae consists of 230 genera and 3000 species, about 1/3 of the

total number of Gramineae.

The evolution in Gramineae (Poaceae) is considered to have been proceeding in the direc-

tion of simplification. Three major lineages in Panicoideae are recognized based on analysis

of characters, geographical distribution and ecological preferences. They are represented res-

pectively by three supertribes i.e. Panicatae, Andropogonatae and Maydatae. The first supertribe

has well-developed florets, fertile lemma indurate, but is awnless and thus is the primitive

group in the subfamily. In the second supertribe spikelets are well-developed, the lower

glume is larger than the florets and embraces them, the florets are awned. Particularly signi-

ficant is the evolution of spikelets from solitary to paired, from the two spikelets of each pair

both bisexual and alike in form to heterogamous pair of spikelets in which the sessile one is

fertile and the pedicelled one sterile and further to homogamous pair of spikelets at base of

inflorescence. In this lineage occurs an inflorescence protected by a large sheathing bract. It

is the most flourishing by developed evolutionary branch. In the third supertribe raches are

developed, thick, inflorescences have become pillar-shaped with spikelets sunken in the raches.

The reduction of spikelets from bisexual to unisexual has taken place and they occur on se-

parte inflorescenes, bringing about subsequent sexual differentiation of inflorescences. Raches

have also evolved from solitary to united. The supertribe Maydatae is likely to be one of the

most advanced group in Gramineae.

Subfam. Panicoideae occurs in the tropics and subtropics, and these three supertribes have

apparently followed three lines of development under different environmental conditions. The

supertribe Panicatae adapts to hot moist conditions, the supertribe Andropogonatae adapts to

a monsoon climate, occurring in savannas, the supertribe Maydatae occurs in monsoon moist

conditions.

Key words: Panicoidese, Supertribe, systematics, Evolution

Liou Liang. Systematics and Evolution of Subfam. Panicoideae (Gramineae)[J]. .

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Systematics and Evolution of Subfam. Panicoideae (Gramineae)

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