Studies on Taxonomy and Evolution of Citrus and Its Related Genera by Isozyme Analysis

Abstract

Abstract:

The leaf or bark tissue extracts of 108 biotypes of Citrus and its five re-

lated genera were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for isozymes of

peroxidase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, phosphoglucose isomerase,

phosphoglucose mutase, superoxide dismutase, tetrazolium oxidase,

NADP+- dependent malate dehydrogenase and esterase. The inter-or intra-generic

differences of isozymograms were compared. Dissimilarities of the isozyme patterns

among the samples were calculated by computer based on the UPGMA method

to demonstrate the phylogenetic relationship of the biotypes. There are remarkable

isozymogramatic differences among the six genera. Generally speaking, each genus

possesses its own unique bands. Based on the cluster analysis, the total Citrus

biotypes are classified into seven groups, i.e. Honghe papeda, Mauritius papeda,

Pummelo, Ichang papeda, Citron, Lemon-lime and Mandarin-orange. Ichang

papeda is suggested to be the third subgenus of the genus Citrus. The Fuming

trifoliata orange is accepted as a new species of Poncirus-P. polyandra S. Q.

Ding. It might be the evolutionary bridge between Poncirus and Citrus, and one of

the “missing links” as suggested by W. T. Swingle. Microacrumen (small- fruited

mandarin) is the primitive form of the mandarins. It seems better to consid-

er“ Horse-nose mandarin ”or “Xipigoushigan mandarin” as the typic mandarin

originated in China. Euacrumen (large-fruited mandarin) might have arised

through two ways. One is hybridization of Microacrumen and C. sinensis, and

the other is just the variation of Microacrumen. Ancestors of some biotypes are

inferred based on isozyme data. Fortunella obovata Tan. may be a hybrid of

Fortunella and Citrus. C. unshiu Marc. arose from the nucellar mutation

of“Huangyanbendiguangju mandarin”( C. nobilis Lour.) in Huangyan of

Zhejiang Province. C. junos Sieb. came from hybridization of Ichang papeda and

mandarin. C. grandis Osbeck and mandarin may have been involved in the origin

of C. aurantium L.. C. limonia Osbeck may be a hybrid between C. medica L.

and mandarin. The evolutionary trend of citrus fruit trees is proposed, and

a tentative phylogenetic diagram is drawn.

Key words: Citrus, Isozymes, Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Cluster analysis

Fang De-qiu, Zhang Wen-cai, Xiao Shun-Yuan. Studies on Taxonomy and Evolution of Citrus and Its Related Genera by Isozyme Analysis[J]. .

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Studies on Taxonomy and Evolution of Citrus and Its Related Genera by Isozyme Analysis

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