Cytotaxonomical Studies of Tea Plants

Abstract

Abstract:

Nine forms of Camellia sinensis (L) Kuntze from Guizhou, Yunnan,

Sichuan and Fujian Provinces were cytotaxonomically studied in this work. The

wall degradation hypotonic method was used for preparing chromosome samples

which were stained in Giemsa. The micrographs of their somatic metaphase

are shown in Plates 1-2, the ranges of chromosome relative lengths, arm ratios,

karyotype formulae and classification of karyotypes according to Li and

Chen (1985) are shown in Table 1 and the idiograms in Fig. l. The main points

are mentioned as follows:

(1) All these forms are found to be diploid with 2n = 30, and they are reported

for the first time except Yunnan(Fengqing)cultivated form.

(2) All the karyotypes of the forms examined are relatively uniform, which re-

veal the gradual decrease in size from the longest to the shortest chromosomes,

similar chromosomal relative length, smaller chromosome types varying between

2- 5μm. The karyotype mainly consists of metacentric (m) and submeta-

centric (sm) chromosomes. Sat-chromosomes are difficult to be discovered

on mid -metaphase chromosomes. The cytological information confirms the close

relationship among these tea forms.

(3) According to the asymmetry of karyotype, the nine tea forms are divided

into two types: one consists of the arbor with macrophyll, i.e. Guizhou and

Yunnan( Fengqing and Tengchong)cultivated forms, which have the”2A”

karyotype possessing metacentric(m) and submetacentric(sm) chromosomes. The

karyotypes might be of the most symmetrical or primitive type ;the other consists of

the bush or microarbor with mostly medium- and microphyll, less frequently

macrophyll, i.e. Qianmei 419, Qianmei 502, Yaan,Fuding, Sichuan and Qianmei

101 cultivated forms, which have the “2A” and “2B” karyotypes, consisting of

metacentric (m), submetacentric (sm) and a pair of subtelocentric (st)

chromosomes, and more asymmetrical than that of the first karyotype. They

might be more advanced.

(4) In recent years, two subspecies, i.e. ssp. “yunnan”and ssp. “bohea”,

including seven varieties, in C. sinensis were recognized but not formally published

by Zhuang et al. (1981). From the present work and the previous reports the au-

thors agree with Zhuang’s classification, because recognition of two subspecies is re-

markably consistent with the two kinds of karyotypes reported here. C.sinensis ssp.

“yunnan” with arbor and macrophyll characters has more symmetrical karyotype

than that of C. sinensis ssp. “bohea” with bush or microarbor and mostly medium-

and microphyll characters. That is to say, ssp.”yunnan” is more primitive than

ssp. “bohea”.

(5) Based on the karyotype analysis of arbor and macrophyll teas reported

before and here (see Table 3), the authors support the viewpoint that Yunnan-

Gui zhou Plateau is the original center of tea Plants, whereas Assam form in In-

dia is derived.

Key words: Tea, Karyotype, Evolutin, Cytotaxonomy

Liang Guo-Lu, Lin Meng-Jia, Chen Jia-Yu, Liu Jun-Su. Cytotaxonomical Studies of Tea Plants[J]. .

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Cytotaxonomical Studies of Tea Plants

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