Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences >
Health risk assessment of Pb emissions from MSW incineration plants
Received date: 2013-06-25
Revised date: 2013-11-11
Online published: 2014-05-15
Atmospheric concentration of Pb from MSW incineration plants in the studied city was estimated by using CALPUFF model, and then inhalational health risk was assessed. The results indicate that, affected by local meteorological conditions and terrain, the concentration distribution shows significant seasonal variations and topography-dependent characteristics. In autumn and winter, Pb diffuses widely and spreads mainly in the southwest part of the city, with the maximal concentrations of 7.9 × 10-3 and 7.0 × 10-3 μg/m3, respectively. The diffusion area is relatively small in spring and summer, with the maximum values of 5.4 × 10-3 and 7.5 × 10-3 μg/m3, respectively, in the central region. The inhalational risk distribution is consistent with Pb concentration distribution. Children's exposure risk is nearly 2 times of the risk of adults, and males have slightly higher risk than females. The risk is negligible, compared with the risk reference recommended by USEPA, and it is even less than 4% of the background risk..
Key words： CALPUFF model; MSW incineration; Pb; health risk assessment
LIAO Zhiheng , REN Mingzhong , SUN Jiaren , FAN Shaojia , WU Dui . Health risk assessment of Pb emissions from MSW incineration plants[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2014 , 31(3) : 410 -417 . DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2014.03.017
[1] Wang L, Jin Y Y, Li R D, et al. Characterization of MSWI fly ash[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2010, 33(7):21-26(in Chinese). 王雷, 金宜英, 李润东, 等.生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的污染特性[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2010, 33(7):21-26.
[2] Menesesa M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo J L. Health risk assessment of emissions of dioxins and furans from amunicipal waste incinerator: comparison with other emission sources[J]. Environment International,2004, 30(4):481-489.
[3] Federico C, Gianluca I, Lorenzo L, et al. Health risk assessment of air emissions from a municipal solid waste incineration plant:a case study[J]. Waste Management, 2008,28(5): 885-895.
[4] Boudet C, Zmirou D, Laffond M, et al. Health risk assessment of a modern municipal waste incinerator[J]. Risk Analysis,1999,19(6):1215-1222.
[5] Lü L H, Luo H, Zhang Z, et al. The environmental risk assessment of municipal solid waste incineration power plant[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2010, 28(2):114-117(in Chinese). 吕连宏, 罗宏, 张征, 等. 生活垃圾焚烧发电厂的环境风险评价[J].环境工程, 2010, 28(2):114-117.
[6] Sun D, Wang Y C, Xie C M. Health risk assessment on harmful substances in flue gas from municipal solid waste incineration[J]. Environmental Sanitation Engineering, 2004,12(3):144-147(in Chinese). 孙冬, 王玉才, 谢春梅. 垃圾焚烧烟气中污染物对人体健康风险评价[J].环境卫生工程, 2004,12(3):144-147.
[7] Lonati G, Zanoni F. Probabilistic health risk assessment of carcinogenic emissions from a MSW gasification plant[J]. Environment International, 2012,44(1):80-91.
[8] Lonati G, Cernuschi S, Giugliano M, et al. Health risk analysis of PCDD/F emissions from MSW incineration: comparison of probabilistic and deterministic approaches[J]. Chemosphere, 2007, 67(9):334-343.
[9] USEPA. A comparison of CALPUFF modeling results to two tracer field experiments..http://www.epa.gov/scram001/7thconf/calpuff/tracer.pdf.
[10] Tartakovsky D, Broday D M, Stern E. Evaluation of AERMOD and CALPUFF for predicting ambient concentrations of total suspended particulate matter (TSP) emissions from a quarry in complex terrain[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2013, 179(1):138-145.
[11] 中华人民共和国环境保护部.HJ/T2.2—2008 环境影响评价技术导则:大气环境[S]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社,2008.
[12] 中华人民共和国环境保护部.GB3095—2012环境空气质量标准[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 2012.
[13] USEPA. Guidelines for exposure assessment..http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=15263.
[14] Wang Z S, Duan X L, Liu P, et al. Human exposure factors of Chinese people in environmental health risk assessment[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2009,22(10):1164-1170(in Chinese). 王宗爽, 段小丽, 刘平, 等. 环境健康风险评价中我国居民暴露参数探讨[J]. 环境科学研究, 2009,22(10):1164-1170.
[15] USEPA. Human health risk assessment protocol for hazardous waste combustion facilities..http://www.epa.gov/region6/6pd/rcra_c/protocol/protocol.htm.
[16] IARC. Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans..http://monographs.iarc.fr/.
[17] USEPA. Risk assessment guidance for superfund, vol. I: human health evaluation manual (Part A).. http://www.epa.gov/oswer/riskassessment/ragsa/.
[18] Standards Development Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Energy(OMEE).Ambient air quality criteria(AAQCs)[S]. 1999.
[19] Chiaradia M, Gulson B L, James M, et al. Identification of secondary lead sources in the air of an urban environment[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 1997, 31(21):3511-3521.
[20] Chen H S, Pei H D, Zhang X Y, et al. Isotope tracing of major sources of lead pollution in the atmosphere of Hangzhou city[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 1998,17(3):146-149(in Chinese). 陈好寿,裴辉东,张霄宇,等. 杭州大气铅主要污染源的铅同位素示踪[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,1998,17(3):146-149.
[21] Gao Z Y, Yin G, Ni S J, et al. Geochemical features of the urban environmental lead isotope in Chengdu city[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2004,23(4):267-272(in Chinese). 高志友,尹观,倪师军,等. 成都市城市环境铅同位素地球化学特征[J].中国岩溶, 2004,23(4):267-272.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |