The characteristics of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) release from slow-release urea, developed based on urea (U) as fertilizer core and struvite (S) and biochar (B) as coating materials, are significant for evaluating the application of high N and low P fertilizer in agriculture system. In the present study, the hydrostatic test and soil column intermittent leaching experiment including five treatments (CK, U, S coated urea (USR), S+low proportion of B coated urea (USB1R), S+high proportion of B coated urea (USB2R)) were carried out to investigate the N and P release from individual S coated U and S combined with B coated U in calcareous soil based on analysis of TN, TP, NH4+-N, NO3--N, and PO43-. The results showed that release rate of N in slow-release fertilizers based on hydrostatic test was not higher than 15% within 24 h and 80% within 28 d, which meets the standards of the slow-release fertilizer (GB/T 23348—2009). The release rates of N and P in the three slow-release fertilizers swiftly increased in soil for the first 7 days, and then gradually decreased. The release rates of P in the three slow-release fertilizers were in the decreasing order: USB1R (50.9%) > USB2R (38.3%) > USR (10.0%), and the release rates of N were in the order: USB2R (86.2%) > USB1R (83.1%) > USR (74.0%). The release rates of N in slow-release fertilizers were lower by 9-21 percentages than that in urea. The individual S coated urea and S combined with B coated urea showed slow release of N and P in calcareous soil. The actual efficacy of the developed slow-release fertilizers needs to be further verified.
TANG Sichen
,
YANG Xiaosong
,
ZHANG Wantong
,
MU Jing
,
XIE Zijian
,
WANG Jinzhi
,
HU Zhengyi
. Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus release from struvite coated urea and struvite combined with biochar coated urea in calcareous soil[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2021
, 38(1)
: 83
-93
.
DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2021.01.011
[1] 刘宝存,徐秋明,邹国元. 缓控释肥料理论与实践[M]. 北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2009.
[2] Wang H H, Hu Z Y, Zhu X Q, et al. A comparative study of nitrogen loss after application of biochar coated urea and common urea in vegetable-growing soil at Chaihe catchement of Dianchi lake[J]. Agricultural Science and Technology, 2015, 16(12):2688-2692, 2804.
[3] Balemi T, Negisho K. Management of soil phosphorus and plant adaptation mechanisms to phosphorus stress for sustainable crop production:a review[J]. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2012, 12(3):547-562.
[4] Heathwaite A L, Dils R M. Characterising phosphorus loss in surface and subsurface hydrological pathways[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2000, 251:523-538.
[5] Stratful I, Scrimshaw M D, Lester J N. Conditions influencing the precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate[J]. Water Research, 2001, 35(17):4191-4199.
[6] Liu X N, Tao Y, Wen G Q, et al. Influence of soil and irrigation water pH on the availability of phosphorus in struvite derived from urine through a greenhouse pot experiment[J]. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 2016, 64(17):3324.
[7] Liu X N, Wen G Q, Hu Z Y, et al. Coupling effects of pH and Mg/P ratio on P recovery from anaerobic digester supernatant by struvite formation[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 198, 633-641.
[8] Wen G Q, Hu Z Y, Liu X N, et al. Improvement of the quality of struvite crystals recovered from a mixture of human urine and municipal sewage via a novel two-step precipitation method[J]. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 2018, 12:80-90.
[9] Gul S, Whalen J K, Thomas B W, et al. Physico-chemical properties and microbial responses in biochar-amended soils:mechanisms and future directions[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2015, 206:46-59.
[10] Zhu J, Li M, Whelan M. Phosphorus activators contribute to legacy phosphorus availability in agricultural soils:a review[J]. Science of the Total Environment[J], 2018, 612:522-537.
[11] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 缓释肥料GB/T 23348-2009[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2009.
[12] 尹洪斌, 石元亮. 缓释肥料的研制及其缓效性评价[J]. 土壤通报, 2006, 37(2):411-413.
[13] 吕静, 李丹, 孙建兵, 等. 低分子量聚乳酸包膜尿素的缓释特性及其减少氨挥发的作用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(2):283-291.
[14] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2000.
[15] Murphy J, Riley J P. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1962, 27:31-36.
[16] Olsen S R, Cole C V, Watanabe F S, et al. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate[M]. USDA circular 939, Washington DC, 1954.
[17] 国家环保局本书编委会. 水和废水监测分析方法[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1989.
[18] 丁洪, 蔡贵信. 玉米-潮土系统中氮肥硝化反硝化损失与N2O排放[J]. 中国农业科学, 2001, 34(4):416-421.
[19] 谢银旦, 杨相东, 曹一平, 等. 包膜控释肥料在土壤中养分释放特性的测试方法与评价[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2007, 13(3):491-497.
[20] 崔智多, 张小勇, 莫海涛. 工业木质素包膜缓释尿素释放规律的研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2013, 29(30):143-147.
[21] Roos W, Luckner M. Relationships between proton extrusion and fluxes of ammonium ions and organic acids in penicillium cyclopium[J]. Journal of General Microbiology, 1984, 130(4):1007-1014.
[22] 朱晓旭. 生物质炭包膜控释尿素的制备及性能研究[D]. 长春:吉林农业大学, 2016.
[23] 姚俊卿, 侯建伟,索全义,等. 不同炭化条件对黑沙蒿生物炭保水性能的影响[J]. 北方园艺,2017(6):171-176.
[24] 吕东波,吴景贵,任玲,等. 几种缓控尿素的养分释放特性研究[J]. 水土保持学报,2015,29(2):283-287.
[25] 胡小凤,王正银,游媛,等. 缓释复合肥在不同土壤水分条件下氨挥发特性研究[J]. 环境科学,2010,31(8):1937-1943.
