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中国科学院大学学报 ›› 2002, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 490-500.DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2002.6.002

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水鳖科9属15种植物花粉形态的研究

孙坤,陈家宽,张志耘   

  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 发布日期:2002-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 孙坤

Pollen morphology of 15 species in nine genera of the Hydrocharitaceae

SUN Kun, CHEN Jia-Kuan, ZHANG Zhi-Yun   

  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Published:2002-11-10
  • Contact: SUN Kun

摘要:

 应用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对水鳖科Hydrocharitaceae 9属15种植物的花粉形态进行
了观察。水鳖科植物花粉为圆球形至近椭球形,无萌发孔或偶为单沟萌发孔,外壁纹饰通常为小刺状纹
饰,刺密集或稀疏,花粉表面具瘤状、疣状、颗粒状、皱波状突起或光滑。外壁由覆盖层、柱状层和基层组
成。覆盖层厚或较薄,柱状层小柱发育不明显,基层薄。水鳖科植物在花粉大小、纹饰类型、刺的长短、
密度、形态、萌发孔的有无以及花粉壁的结构等方面表现出了较为明显的差异,这些特征对探讨类群间
关系具有较重要意义。由于黑藻属Hydrilla和Stratiotes属花粉较为特殊,支持将它们各自作为一个独立
的族处理。水鳖科植物花粉外壁纹饰和结构特点表明该科与水雍科Aponogetonaceae、泽泻科Alismataceae
和花蔺科Butomaceae等近缘,而该科植物花粉大多无萌发孔等则反应了该科与茨藻目Najadales植物有
密切联系。

关键词: 水鳖科, 花粉形态, 系统学

Abstract:

Pollen morphology of 15 species in nine genera of Hydrocharitaceae was examined with
light microscope (LM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope
(TEM). The pollen grains are usually inaperturate, spheroidal to subellipsoidal in shape, but those
of Stratiotes aloides and Halophila ovalis are monosulcate. The ornamentation of exine is spinulose
with tuberculae, verrueae, granules or rugulae on pollen surface under SEM. The exine is composed
of three indistinct layers, e.g. tectum, columellae and foot layer, but the columellae are only
slightly developed. Some characters, such as the size of pollen grain, shape and length of spinules
and wall structure are of some systematic value. The treatment of Stratiotes and Hydrilla as inde-
pendent tribes respectively is supported. The ornamentation and structure of exine in the Hydrochari-
taceae are similar to those in the Alismataceae, Aponogetonaceae and Butomaceae, but the presence
of inaperturate pollen grains in most taxa of Hydrocharitaceae shows its affinity with Najadales.

Key words: Hydrocharitaceae, Pollen morphology, Systematics